Click to see the original works with their full license. antagonist: adductor group, rectus femoris, synergist: gluteal minimus and tensor fasciae latae Antagonist: tensor fascia latae Bilaterally: Stabilizes the head, flexion of the head and neck, checkreins backwardmotion of the head and neck, Innervation:Accessory nerve: cranial nerve XII and ventral rami of the (C2, C3), Blood Supply:Branches from the vertebral artery, 1. Antagonist: Palmaris longus The glenohumeral joint receives extra support from the rotator cuff muscles. Occasionally, the SCM fuses with the trapezius, leaving no posterior triangle. a) Anterior Deltoid b) Teres Major c) Infraspinatus d) Latissimus Dorsi, Which of the following muscles acts to flex and adduct the arm? Underline nouns or pronouns that make up each one. Antagonist: Extensor digitorium longus Such a phenomenon describes Sinohara's law of separation which states that two muscles( SCM and trapezius ) having common nerve supply ( accessory nerve ) are derived from a common muscle mass8. A synergist that makes the insertion site more stable is called a fixator. Antagonist: Enterta[in]ing as I do, the most confident hope of succeeding in a voyage which had formed a (7) da[r]ling project of mine for the Kapandji, I.A., "The Physiology of the Joints". antagonist: tibialis anterior, synergist: hamstring muscles, gracilis, gastrocnemius, sartorius Internet Journal of Medical Update 2013; 8(2):62-64, Sternocleidomastoid muscle (highlighted in green) - anterior view image - Kenhub, Sternocleidomastoid muscle video - Kenhub, Gray, Henry. (a) latissimus dorsi (b) pectoralis major (c) rhomboid (d) subclavius (e) trapezius. A contraction of both SCM muscles can flex your neck, which brings your chin down in the direction of your breastbone. 2 What are synergist muscles? More rarely, the adjoining margins of the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius are in contact. They derive embryonically from the first and second pharyngeal arches. b) orbicularis oris. Middle: Rhomboids, spine extensors (b) Analyze Cause and Effect: How do the soothsayers' predictions help prompt the king's wishes? See examples of antagonist muscles. Such cases represent the developmental defect of muscular agenesis and are diagnosed by Ultrasound or Magnetic Resonance Imaging scans. skeletal muscle is attached to bone at origin and insertion. Synergist: psoas, Action: adducts thigh Sternocleidomastoid --- Splenius Capitis Preview this quiz on Quizizz. The SCM continues on to attach to the mastoid bone. Antagonist: Psoas We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Which muscle depresses the clavicle and stabilizes the pectoral girdle? When both SCM muscles contract, the movements can include: Simultaneous bilateral SCM muscle contraction also plays a role in the breathing process. The movement of troponin and tropomyosin is key in facilitating the myosin head to move along the thin filament, resulting in a contraction of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. B), Which large muscle has an attachment on the external occipital protuberance and extends the neck? D. The sternocleidomastoid is the fixator and the splenius cervicis is the prime mover. For each verb form that is underlined, choose the letter of the best revision. The arrival times were so different because the airplanes cross(6)\overset{\text{(6)}}{{\underline{\text{cross}}}}cross(6) the International Date Line during the flights. Antagonist: Biceps femoris Antagonist: extensor carpi radialis longus The internal carotid artery to reach both the sternocleidomastoid muscles and the trapezius. Antagonist: extensor carpi ulnaris Benign fibrosis, hypoplasia or aplasia of SCM is the most common cause of congenital torticolis. Torticollis is a movement disorder in which the head is persistently turned to one side. Which one? These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Share and download Seeleys essentials of anatomy physiology ( etc.) The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". Edit. The world divides(7)\overset{\text{(7)}}{{\underline{\text{divides}}}}divides(7) into 242424 time zones so that the sun is high in the sky at noon almost everywhere on earth. The form of a muscle that stabilizes the origin of the prime mover so that it can act more efficiently is called the: a. synergist b. agonist c. antagonist d. fixator e. secondary mover The muscles of ____ lie within the subcutaneous layer, originating on the fascia or bones of the _____ and inserting into the _____. This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 390 ofthe 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918). Synergist: transverse abdominis, Action: compresses abdominal contents 83% average accuracy. on 2022-08-08. The clavicular origin of the sternocleidomastoid varies greatly: in some cases the clavicular head may be as narrow as the sternal; in others it may be as much as 7.5 millimetres (0.30in) in breadth. Synergist: flexor carpi ulnaris, Action: adducts hand This tent is in the Indian stile formed of a number of (8) dressed Buffaloe skins sewed together with sinues. Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins. The antagonist of the splenius capitis muscle is the Sternocleidomastoid. The time in the first time zone east of the date line is 232323 hours earlier than the time in the first time zone to the west. Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle pain in the neck typically results from muscle tension or performing repeated motions. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". E. desultory A) The sternocleidomastoid is the prime mover, and the splenius cervicis is the fixator. A neck extension movement that takes place at your first. Bilateral SCM muscle contraction thrusts the chin forward when your head is level. The thickness of the CH is variable. [8], The triangle formed by the clavicle and the sternal and clavicular heads of the sternocleidomastoid muscle is used as a landmark in identifying the correct location for central venous catheterization. If you believe that this Physiopedia article is the primary source for the information you are refering to, you can use the button below to access a related citation statement. The International Date Line lays(8)\overset{\text{(8)}}{{\underline{\text{lays}}}}lays(8) between two time zones in the Pacific Ocean. The sternocleidomastoid muscle has a cylindrical, strap-like shape that emerges from the side of your neck and tapers at the ends. A) Coracobrachialis B) Tricep Brachi C) Latissimus dorsi D) Pectoralis major E) Supraspinatus, Which of the following muscles is an important elevator of the scapula? The primary actions of the muscle are rotation of the head to the opposite side and flexion of the neck. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". A. prime mover (agonist) B. antagonist C. synergist D. fixator E. origin F. insertion, Which muscle extends the elbow? a) biceps femoris b) brachioradialis c) triceps brachii d) pectoralis major e) deltoid. Antagonist: Palmaris longus Read the entire passage once to get a general idea of what it is about. Synergist: Masseter, Action: Flex & Rotate neck Synergist: Pronator teres, Action: Extends and abducts wrist Which of the following muscles is most active during lateral rotation of the arm? d) buccinator. The splenius captis is located on the lateral side of the C7. Action: When it is acting superiorly, it elevates the 1st rib as in the process of inhalation; inferiorly, assists in flexion and rotation of the neck. Together, they function in swallowing, chewing, and speech, serve as important surgical landmarks in neck dissections and are used routinely for reconstruction. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. They assist the SCM in turning and tilting both the head and neck. Which muscle acts as a synergist with pectorals minor during abduction of the scapula? Synergist: deltoid, Action: lateral rotation of humerus All rights reserved. 1 : an agent that increases the effectiveness of another agent when combined with it; especially : a drug that acts in synergism with another. Antagonist: pectoralis major The infrahyoid muscles are also part of a . It travels superiorly, laterally, and posteriorly. The muscle fibers of all these layers lie within a common fascial sheath and traverse in the same direction.Knowledge of this layered arrangement and the changes in cases of muscle variations is helpful during muscle flap harvesting procedures. The Wellness Digest's content is for informational purposes only. Synergist: NA, Action: rotates and adducts scapula Synergist: adductor longus, Action: adducts, flexes and medially rotates thigh Torticollis. Acetylcholine (ACH) is released from vesicles and is sent over the synaptic cleft to receptors on the postsynaptic bulb. Antagonist: Gluteus maximus When you take a deep bow, which of the following muscles do you use? antagonist: tibialis anterior, Muscles of the trunk - origin, insertion, act, NCLEX electrolyte imbalances & pharm tricks, Byron Almen, Dorothy Payne, Stefan Kostka, John Lund, Paul S. Vickery, P. Scott Corbett, Todd Pfannestiel, Volker Janssen, Eric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self, Muscular System (with Origin, Insertion, and. Sternocleidomastoid Synergists Scalenes, opposite side of splenius capitis Sternocleidomastoid Antagonists Upper Traps, opposite side of the SCM Scalenes Origin Anterior,Medial, and Posterior Transverse Processes of the Cervical Vertabrae Scalenes Insertion Anterior Insertion- First Rib Medial Insertion- First Rib Posterior Insertion- Second Rib Antagonist: Tibialis Anterior Prime mover, Synergist, Antagonistic muscles.wmv Vitamin D and diabetes Dr. John Campbell 3 days ago New Muscle Spindle & Stretch Reflex || Knee Jerk Reflex Elbow joint. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. Synergist or Antagonist DRAFT. Which of the following muscles is responsible for elevating the eyebrows? Antagonist: triceps brachii Synergist: infraspinatus, Action: stabilizes scapula Muscles that Act on the Scapula . a. Biceps brachii b. Triceps brachii c. Jaw d. Tongue. Synergist: NA, Action: Pronates forearm Action: draws eyebrows together and inferiorly; wrinkles forehead vertically (frowning) Action: bilaterally- flexes & rotates lumbar region; compresses abdomen; unilaterally- trunk rotation and lateral flexion. When they flied(3)\overset{\text{(3)}}{{\underline{\text{flied }}}}flied(3) from Los Angeles to Sydney, Australia, they arrived at a time that was nearly 323232 hours later than the time when they left. The fibers from the accessory nerve nucleus travel upward to enter the cranium via the foramen magnum. (a) Auricular. Sternocleidomastoid: Sternocleidomastoid: Rectus Abdominus: Erector Spinae Group: Origin: where muscle meets bone that doesn't move-proximal: Insertion: where muscle meets bone that does move-distal: Agonist: muscle that contracts: Antagonist: muscle that relaxes: Synergist: muscle that also contracts to aid agonist: Fixator Each sentence contains a compound The manubrium is the uppermost section of the breastbone. antagonist: tensor fasciae latae, gluteal minimus, and medius muscles, synergist: adductor muscles and gracilis In this regard we may refer to Sinohara's law of fusion which states that a muscle supplied by two different nerves is formed by fusion of two separate muscle masses. The splenius captis is located on the lateral side of the C7. What is the antagonist muscle in elbow flexion? Antagonist: Flexor carpi radialis superficial Antagonist: deltoid Kendall, Florence Peterson, McCreary, Elizabeth Kendall, and Provance, Patricia Geise. a) temporalis. The information provided on this site is not a substitute for a physical consultation with a medical professional. c) levator palpebrae superioris. Synergist: pectoralis major, Action: Flexes wrist and middle phalanges Which of the following muscles is used in breathing? Some studies have indicated a supernumerary cleido-occipital muscle more or less separate from the sterno-cleido-mastoid muscle. Abnormal head positioning in utero or difficult birth can lead to development of the compartment syndrome and congenital muscular torticollis sequela.Acquired SCM torticollis, can be post traumatic, myopathy induced, post infectious, drug induced, neurological or following sudden strenuous neck muscle activity. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. a) Splenius capitis b) Semispinalis capitis c) Sternocleidomastoid d) Trapezius, What are attachments for these muscles, and their functions? Vascular supply: Muscular branches of the ascending Cervical artery. 5- 10 reps/ 1-2 seconds Dynamic Stretching . ). This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); For Pain and Symptom Information See: Sternocleidomastoid Muscles: Head, Eyes, Sinus, Ears, Throat Pain. Unilaterally: Elevate the scapula, downwardly rotate scapula, laterally flex the head and neck, rotate the head and neck, Spinous processes of all vertebrae except C-1, Bilaterally: Extend the vertebral column The antagonist of the splenius capitis muscle is the Sternocleidomastoid. (a) biceps brachii (b) triceps brachii (c) jaw (d) tongue. It covers the anterior surface of the neck superficially. Antagonist: Flexor carpi radialis Synergist: Temporalis, Action: Closes jaw Definition The gluteus medius is one of four superficial gluteal muscles that allow a broad range of movement in the hip joint. Antagonist: tensor fascia latae The SCM becomes chronically shortened in cases of torticollis. Which of the following muscles is not innervated by the median nerve? Insertion: Attaches to the mastoid process and the lateral half of the superior nuchal line of the occipital bone. Sternocleidomastoid. How did the United States respond to Jewish refugees after Kristallnacht? (a) the erector spinae (b) the rhomboid group (c) the splenius group (d) the scalenes (e) the transversospinalis. Synergist: teres major, Action: Lateral rotation of humerus The antagonist of the splenius capitis muscle is the Sternocleidomastoid. (a) Brachialis (b) Subscapularis (c) Teres minor (d) Supraspinous. They cause formation of supernumerary lesser supraclavicular fosse. Antagonist: Splenius Synergist: Platysma Sternocleidomastoid Action: Flexes neck forward when together Antagonist: Temporalis Synergist: Scalenes Flickr Creative Commons Images Some images used in this set are licensed under the Creative Commons through Flickr.com. The other head attaches to the top part (called the superior aspect) of the collarbone, near the midline of the body. E. Scalenes. Michael Menna, DO, is a board-certified, active attending emergency medicine physician at White Plains Hospital in White Plains, New York. Which of the following muscles performs cervical extension only? [medical citation needed]. Which of the following muscles does not attach to the humerus? When refering to evidence in academic writing, you should always try to reference the primary (original) source. About a dozen cases have reported complete unilateral absence of the muscle. (a) Deltoid (b) Flexor digitorum superficialis (c) Biceps brachii (d) Teres major. The frequency of cleido-occipital muscle occurrence has been reported up to 33%. Antagonist: NA Looking for Seeleys essentials of anatomy physiology ( etc.)? The major muscles of the neck include the semispinalis capitis, splenius capitus, levator scapulae, scalenes, trapezius, sternohyoid, onohyoid, and the sternocleidomastoid. antagonist: gluteal muscles, adductor muscles, tensor fascia latae, synergist: adductor muscles, gracilis Flexion of the head and cervical spine when anterior fibers act bilaterally Agonists: Longus Capitis Antagonists: Longissimus Capitis Spinalis Capitis Splenius Capitis Semispinalis Capitis Sternocleidomastoid (posterior fibers) 3. b) triceps brachii. O pectoralis major O latissimus dorsi O deltoid O biceps brachii, Protrusion-Retrusion involves the movements of which muscle? The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". Etymology and location [ edit] The muscle allows the head and vertebrae to extend. Cervical Muscle Myoelectric Response to Acute Experimental Sternocleidomastoid Pain. S, sternocleidomastoid: 7", trapezius; D, deltoid; . Synergist: rectus femoris, Action: Extends knee and stabilizes it. This study described effects of experimental muscle pain on resting EMG activity in a jawclosing muscle and a leg muscle. The splenius captis is located on the lateral side of the C7. Synergist: Platysma, Action: Flexes neck forward when together It does not store any personal data. Ligamentum nuchae and spinous processes of C7-T12, Lateral 1/3 of clavicle, Acromion Process and spine of the scapula, Upper: Bilaterally- Extend the head and neck Antagonist: Flexor carpi ulnaris Synergist: Sarotious, Action: Abducts and medially rotates thigh 1 What is the synergist muscle for sternocleidomastoid? e) latissimus dorsi. In the Middle Ages, when the Catholic Church was all-powerful, a(n) It is partially covered by the gluteus maximus. Antagonist: Sartorious Antagonist Muscles On the opposite side of the body from the multifidus and erector spinae are the abdominal muscles. C. censure What is the synergist muscle for sternocleidomastoid? antagonist: quadriceps femoris muscles, synergist: soleus Read our. Role of muscles . When Marta and her family taked(1)\overset{\text{(1)}}{{\underline{\text{taked}}}}taked(1) a vacation in Australia, they are(2)\overset{\text{(2)}}{{\underline{\text{are}}}}are(2) surprised at how the time changed during their airline flights across the Pacific Ocean. Lower: Levator Scapulae. Synergist: Psoas, Action: stabilizes pelvis supraclavicularis muscle This extra triangle can also be considered as an extended lesser supraclavicular fossa which normally separates the sternal and clavicular heads of origin of SCM. However, as the state of mind in which we are, generally gives the (5) colouring to events, when the imagination is (6) suffered to wander into futurity, the picture which now presented itself to me was a most pleasing one. The sternocleidomastoid is the prime mover and the splenius cervicis is the antagonist. On the answer line, write the word from the box that completes item below. We therefore modeled the effects of drug . Treatment of a shortened SCN involves gentle stretching of a tight SCM muscle to lengthen it to a normal shape. What was the "gag rule" passed by the House of Representatives in 1836? F. edifice English Edition. skeletal muscle contracts and pulls on bone. However, there are many common except ions end ing with -nse, such as suspense. Synergist: Scalenes, Action: elevates hyoid bone In this case, it lifts up the breastbone and the area of the collarbones that are nearest to the midline of the body. Antagonist: external intercostals Synergist: Pectoralis major Antagonist: Spino-deltoid. The SCM inserts behind the ear at the mastoid process, a projection of the. B. As the muscles contract across the shoulder joint it brings your shoulder upward into flexion as you push the ball the opposite happens and the antagonist becomes your deltoid and the latissimus dorsi becomes your agonist. Antagonist: deltoid Which muscle acts as an antagonist to trapezius? That is usually the journal article where the information was first stated. a. triceps brachii b. pronator quadratus c. adductor pollicis d. flexor carpi radialis e. abductor pollicis brevis, Which of the following muscles is a lateral rotator of the arm? Play this game to review undefined. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. It can also occur with certain health conditions, such as asthma and. Antagonist: Latissimus dorsi Synergist: serratus anterior, Action: Moves scapula towards chest wall a) Temporalis b) Rectus abdominis c) Erector spinae d) Sternocleidomastoid e) Splenius capitis. a) deltoid. Which of the following muscles is most active during medial rotation of the arm? synergist: sternocleidomastoid, rhomboids supraspinatus synergists: middle deltoid and infraspinatus antagonist: pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, teres major For beginning and intermediary anatomy . They act to extend the spine, bending it backwards. (c) Transverse cervical. as a prime mover contracts the according to the size and function of the mus- antagonist progressively relaxes, . Sternocleidomastoid and the Scalenes are Synergists, which mean that they work together to provide the same movements (flexion, rotation and lateral flexion of the head and neck)An Antagonist is a . Frowning (antagonist of zygomaticus) Orbicularis oris Indirectly from maxilla/mandible, fibers blend. "5. When acting together it flexes the neck and extends the head. Synergist: trapezius, Action: hip flexor Physiopedia articles are best used to find the original sources of information (see the references list at the bottom of the article). Antagonist: Tensor fascia latae a. platysma b. occipitalis c. sternohyoid d. mylohyoid. To define the origin, insertion, and belly of a skeletal muscle. Lateral surface of the mastoid process through a strong tendon, and to the lateral half of superior nucheal line through an aponeurosis. The muscle primarily responsible for a movement is called the prime mover, and muscles that assist in this action are called synergists. Synergist: pectineus, Action: Hip flexor synergist and antagonist musclesnixon high school yearbooks synergist and antagonist muscles. indirect object. It is shown that localized muscle pain can reorganize the EMG activity of synergists where no pain is present, and this findings may have implications for the understanding of manifestations seen in relation to painful musculoskeletal disorders. Synergist: gluteus maximus, Action: adducts and medially rotates arm 9th - 12th grade. When the clavicular origin is broad, it is occasionally subdivided into several slips, separated by narrow intervals. a. Levator scapulae b. Pectoralis minor c. Rhomboid d. Serratus anterior e. Trapezius. antagonist: deltoid, teres minor, infraspinatus, synergist: pectoralis major and serratus anterior, synergist: latissimus dorsi, subscapularis, teres major, biceps brachii, latissimus dorsi, deltoid, synergist: pectoralis minor Which of the following muscles is completely superficial? a) Flexor pollicis longus b) Vastus medialis c) Rectus femoris d) Soleus e) Gluteus maximus, Which of the following elbow flexor muscles is also a forearm supinator? Accessory muscles of inhalation include? The sternocleidomastoid is the prime mover and the splenius cervicis is the fixator. Did Marta's family fly(5)\overset{\text{(5)}}{{\underline{\text{fly}}}}fly(5) in a time machine on the way back from Sydney? Which of the following muscles is most active during extension of the arm/glenohumeral joint? Head and neck to opposite side, elevate the scapula, upwardly rotate the scapula This would leave no posterior triangle. a) Biceps brachii muscle b) Pronator teres c) Flexor carpi radialis d) Brachialis. Antagonist: Biceps brachii A. appall Antagonist: Triceps brachii A. Biceps brachii B. Brachialis C. Brachioradialis D. Triceps brachii, Which of the following muscles provides the greatest contribution to lateral rotation of the shoulder joint? Strap-like; e.g., sternocleidomastoid Or: For example, the scalenes are synergist muscles to the sternocleidomastoids (SCM), because they help with turning and tilting the head and neck. Available from: T Hasan. Muscles have a point of origin and a point of insertion origin - (head) - normally is more stationary than insertion insertion - undergoes more movement. (a) What muscles make up the rotator cuff? M. lavish a. Pectoralis minor b. Subscapularis c. Rhomboid d. Trapezius, Which of the following muscles has two heads? In the case of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, it is innervated by the accessory nerve (cranial nerve XI). The positive effects of physical activity and exercise on almost all functions of the human body are widely acknowledged. a. Abductor pollicis brevis b. Opponens pollicis c. Flexor pollicis brevis d. Extensor pollicis longus, Which of the following muscles is (only) responsible for scapular protraction, downward rotation, and depression? What is the antagonist muscle in elbow flexion? c) brachialis. The sternocleidomastoid muscles help to flex the neck. Name a muscle or muscle group and contraction type likely to be active when this person returns to an upright position after having touched their toes and the position this muscle must lie in relation to the vertebral column joints to perform that movemen. Structure [ edit] The mutual links between muscle pain and resting electromyographic (EMG) activity are still controversial. Synergist: NA, Action: Only flexor of distal phalanges Synergist: Extensor hallucis longus, Action: Extends big toe Use each word once. Synergist: pectoralis major, Action: medial rotation of shoulder [3] It travels obliquely across the side of the neck and inserts at the mastoid process of the temporal bone of the skull by a thin aponeurosis. The scalenes are synergist muscles, or helper, muscles to the sternocleidomastoid. Antagonist: NA Why did medieval Europe's attitudes toward Jews change? "offense, offence". Synergist: teres minor, Action: Lifts ribs Which of the following muscles is part of the rotator cuff? 3 months ago. a. rhomboid major b. rhomboid minor c. trapezius d. serratus anterior, Which of the following posterior muscles is associated with shoulder joint adduction, extension, internal rotation, and horizontal abduction? (b) The glenohumeral joint allows for movement in which dimensions? Antagonist: Masseter These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Along the muscle fibers are t-tubule openings which facilitate the spread of the action potential into the muscle fibers. E. The sternocleidomastoid is the synergist and the splenius cervicis is the fixator. Synergist: pectineus, Action: Flexes knew 1173185, T Hasan. The upper fibers are syndergistic with the sternocleidomastoid in head and neck movements and through its rotation of the scapula during glenohumeral movement is an essential part of the "scapulohumeral" rhythm. Synergist: Sternohyoid Antagonist: Sternothyroid . StatPearls. Synergist: Masseter, Action: Wrinkles chin We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. For example, the SCM on the right side of your neck tilts your head to your right. Finally, look up each word in the dictionary and record the definitions on the lines below. Which muscle acts as an agonist with the teres minor during lateral rotation of the shoulder? This paired muscle is fan-like in shape and covers the upper lateral side of either buttock. b) masseter. This muscle is innervated by the spinal accessory nerve (cranial nerve 11). In most cases Physiopedia articles are a secondary source and so should not be used as references. Synergist muscles work along with agonist muscles to create motion analogous to or in conjunction with agonist muscles, allowing for a wide range of conceivable motions.

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