[47] Nibru, in the Sumerian language, was the original name of the city of Nippur. Surely a significant linguistic event must have happened in order for Borsippa to receive its unique name? (Simon Kzai, personal "court priest" of King Ladislaus the Cuman, in his Gesta Hungarorum, 12821285. The Hebrew text states that he was a mighty hunter before the Lord. The Birs Cylinders are a series of clay cylinders dating to c. 600 b.c.e., discovered by Sir Henry Rawlinson during the mid-19th century at the Babylonian site of Borsippa. [10] Versions of this story are again picked up in later works such as Apocalypse of Pseudo-Methodius (7th century AD). -- According to the Canon of Ptolemy, Evil-Merodach succeeded Nebuchadnezzar, reigned two years, and was slain by his brother-in-law Neri-Glissar, who reigned four years; his son, Laborosoarchod, reigned nine months, though quite a child, and was slain by Nabonadius, supposed to be Belshazzar, a grandson of Nebuchadnezzar, who . [22], In some versions, such as Flavius Josephus, Nimrod is a man who sets his will against that of God. It had been under the control of various peoples and empires. He had completed 42 [cubits? [29] At this point some commentaries add new narratives like Nimrod bringing forth two men, who were sentenced to death previously. Some Muslim commentators assign Nimrod as the king. (, , etc.) Similarly, Targum Pseudo-Jonathan (date uncertain) mentions a Jewish tradition that Nimrod left Shinar in southern Mesopotamia and fled to Assyria in northern Mesopotamia, because he refused to take part in building the Towerfor which God rewarded him with the four cities in Assyria, to substitute for the ones in Babel. Owing to an ambiguity in the original Hebrew text, it is unclear whether it is he or Ashur who additionally built Nineveh, Resen, Rehoboth-Ir and Calah (both interpretations are reflected in various English versions). The usage is often said to have been popularized by the Looney Tunes cartoon character Bugs Bunny sarcastically referring to the hunter Elmer Fudd as "nimrod"[51][52] to highlight the difference between "mighty hunter" and "poor little Nimrod", i.e. [citation needed], In some versions, Nimrod then challenges Abraham to battle. Following the first period of Sumers rule came the kingdom of Akkad, with its great Semitic monarchs Sargon and Naram-Sin. As it had been in ancient times, so I built up its structure . These also were overcome by Semites who instituted the Old Babylonian Empire, which thrived in the time of the later kings. See Prideaux's authorities, and his arrangement of the Assyrian kings, which differs slightly from that here adopted. They are not mentioned by name again in the books of Scripture till many centuries afterwards they had become a mighty nation. This was an imposing tower: Archaeological excavations, as well as a third century b.c.e. Despite the claims of critics (particularly those who try to pass off the Bible as a late forgery of overly imaginative writers), archaeological finds such as Nebuchadnezzars cylinders and Tower of Babel Stele continue to provide sound evidence that backs up the biblical account. 15 Lib. He called upon Sasan the weaver and commanded him to make him a crown like it, which he set jewels on and wore. 2 t. 1 p. 225, ed. 2:48, the president of this caste was also a prince of the province of Babylon. 3 section. : , ibbr-ayi lipn Yahweh, lit. , : ? i. Centuries later in 620 BC, Nebuchadnezzar, a successor to Nimrod, became the ruler of Babylon and would demonstrate that founders of a nation inject their spiritual DNA into their offspring. Nimrod was a very significant man in ancient times, the grandson of Ham and great-grandson of Noah. He describes this tower as an important ancient Babylonian edifice built by a former king that, for some reason or other, the workers stopped short in finishingthey did not finish its head. Why not? Out of this land he went forth into Ashur, or perhaps it is Ashur who went forth and built Nineveh and other cities. Early in the Book of Genesis we read of Nimrod, the grandson of Ham, as the founder of an extensive monarchy in the land of Shinar. I did not change its site, nor did I destroy its foundation platform; but, in a fortunate month, and upon an auspicious day, I undertook the rebuilding I set my hand to build it up, and to finish its summit. A number of city-states were formed in the basins of the Tigris and Euphrates at a very early age. Nimrod built the Tower of Babel, the original Babylon, ancient Nineveh, many other cities. Several ruins of the Middle East have been named after him.[3]. Nimrod is the prototype of a rebellious people, his name being . Additionally, Enmerkar is said to have had ziggurats built in both Uruk and Eridu, which Rohl postulates was the site of the original Babel. The Book of Judith informs us of an important engagement at Ragau between this Assyrian king and Arphaxad the king of the Medes. : , ? Nimrod's kingdom included the cities of Babel, Erech, Akkad, and perhaps Calneh, in Shinar (Gen 10:10). The association with Erech (Babylonian Uruk), a city that lost its prime importance around 2,000 BCE as a result of struggles between Isin, Larsa and Elam, also attests the early provenance of the stories of Nimrod. Unfortunately, certain scholars have used Nebuchadnezzars Tower of Babel Stele to say that the tower Nebuchadnezzar built became the inspiration for the Israelites tower of Babel storythat it was from this late, c. 600 b.c.e. He supposedly had vast armies at his disposal, and when he began to enslave men for his kingdom, he decided to have them build a tower to the heavens. Later, the book describes how Nimrod established fire worship and idolatry, then received instruction in divination for three years from Bouniter, the fourth son of Noah.[14]. He translates a couple of lines slightly differently: the most ancient monument of Babylon; I built and finished it A former king built itthey reckon 42 ages [ago]but he did not complete its head. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. 11 See Eichhorn's Report. Assuming Nimrod ruled during the Uruk Expansion period, which covered most of the 4th millennium B.C. Nimrod has not been attested in any historic, non-biblical registers, records or king lists, including those of Mesopotamia itself. He is particularly known for the destruction of Jerusalem in the sixth century b.c.e., and for his relationship with the Prophet Daniel. Real Questions. Tacit. He confronts Nimrod and tells him face-to-face to cease his idolatry, whereupon Nimrod orders him burned at the stake. In the left-hand corner of the tablet there is a diagram of a large, seven-storied tower; above it, a separate floor plan of the massive edifice. : ! Judaic interpreters as early as Philo and Yochanan ben Zakai (1st century AD) interpreted "a mighty hunter before the Lord" (Heb. So the Lord scattered them abroad from thence upon the face of all the earth: and they left off to build the city. 9. And what caused such a linguistic phenomenon, that such a rich and luxurious tower would be built and then abandoned, with only its upper head left to finish? A Mosque in the area of Medina, possibly: This page was last edited on 17 February 2023, at 23:40. In still other versions, Nimrod does not give up after the Tower fails, but goes on to try storming Heaven in person, in a chariot driven by birds. The three are preserved from harm and the king sees four men walking in the flames, "the fourth . [46] The word Nibru in the East Semitic Akkadian language of Akkad, Assyria and Babylonia comes from a root meaning to 'pursue' or to make 'one flee', and as Rawlinson pointed out not only does this closely resemble Nimrod's name but it also perfectly fits the description of Nimrod in Genesis 10:9 as a great hunter. THE ANCESTORS AND SUCCESSORS OF NEBUCHADNEZZAR. Search through the entire ancient history timeline. Modern Babylon. In modern North American English, the term "nimrod" is often used to mean a dimwitted or a stupid person, a usage perhaps first recorded in an 1836 letter from Robert E. Lee to a female friend. 6 They are first mentioned in Genesis (Genesis 11:28,) as Casdim, (Lecture 5;) they were situated north of Judea, and are identical with the people who should, according to Jeremiah, destroy the temple from the north. after ruling 43 years. But the God of Daniel the prophet revealed Himself to the king. : , - , ! "The question," says Heeren, "what the Chaldeans really were, and whether they ever properly existed as a nation, is one of the most difficult which history presents." 2:48, the president of this caste was also a prince of the province of Babylon. In treating this question, we should always allow for the length of time which elapsed between the original outbreak of those hordes from their native hills; and their conquest of Babylon under Nebuchadnezzar. You can read about them in our article The Tower of Babel: Just a Bible Story?, The Babylonian kings account of the biblical colossus, The Schyen Collection MS 2063, Oslo and London, Smithsonian Channel/Christian News Network. ), then Nebuchadnezzar is about 3,000 years too late to be the . Its temples and its palaces had become so encrusted in the soil during eight centuries of men, that Strabo knows it only as a waste, and Tacitus treats it as a Castellum; and in the thirteenth century of our era, Abulfaragius confirms the prophecy of Nahum and the narrative of Tacitus, by recording nothing but the existence of a small fortification on the eastern bank of the Tigris. Another Muslim historian of the 13th century, Abu al-Fida, relates the same story, adding that the patriarch Eber (an ancestor of Abraham) was allowed to keep the original tongue, Hebrew in this case, because he would not partake in the building. This victory at Ragau, or Rhages, occurred A.C. 634, just "fifty-seven years after the loss of Sennacherib's army." [Abraham] said to him: And shall we worship the human, who withstands the wind? The Tower of Babel Stele is a black ceremonial stone, about 50 centimeters (20 inches) tall, discovered just over a century ago among the ruins of the city of Babylon. voce Caldai'o", and other authorities quoted by Vaux, p. 41, etc., also Cicero de Divin. There was a historical Assyrian queen Shammuramat in the 9th century BC, in reality the wife of Shamshi-Adad V, whom Assyriologists have identified with Semiramis, while others make her a later namesake of a much earlier (again, historically unattested) Semiramis. Thus, according to Diodorus Siculus, Belesys was the chief president of the priests, "whom the Babylonians call Chaldeans,", ,) the president of the priests belonged to the highest class in the kingdom, and is called. The ensuing years of Babylonian history till its overthrow by Cyrus in 539 B.C . [38], Julian Jaynes also indicates Tukulti-Ninurta I (a powerful king of the Middle Assyrian Empire) as the inspiration for Nimrod. And the Babylonian kingdom continued until it fell to the Medes and Persians in 539 BC. There is no back. Their religion and their language are also of importance. Later, some states were united together into numerous Sumerian territories. [citation needed], A confrontation is also found in the Quran, between a king, not mentioned by name, and Ibrahim (Arabic for "Abraham"). Nimrod the "mighty hunter" was the first meat eater! In some versions, Nimrod has his subjects gather wood for four whole years, so as to burn Abraham in the biggest bonfire the world had ever seen. : , , ? Proof of his exploits, as described in the Bible, has been evidenced heavily in archaeology: his role as king of Babylon, his defeat of the Egyptian army, his repeat sieges of Jerusalem, his installation of a puppet king (Zedekiah), and his final destruction of Jerusalem c. 586 b.c.e. Abraham said to him: Shall I then worship the water, which puts off the fire! Greek document, show that it was nearly 100 meters wide and probably the same height (in comparison, the Great Pyramid of Giza is about 140 meters tall). Son of Cush and grandson of Ham; his name has become proverbial as that of a mighty hunter. According to the book of Genesis, the city of Babylon was part of the territory founded by Nimrod, the great-grandson of Noah (Genesis 10:810). Others have attempted to conflate Nimrod with Amraphel, a supposed king in Mesopotamia, but yet again, one who is himself historically unattested. Then, in northern Mesopotamia ascended another world empire, the Assyrian Kingdom, which again unified Mesopotamia and Western Asia. [Nimrod] told him: Worship the cloud! 2. The late discoveries in Egypt, and the high state of civilization attained by these "swarthy barbarians," have led the learned to the conclusion that we have hitherto lost many centuries between the flood and Abraham; and since the long list of Egyptian dynasties, as given by Manetho, has been proved accurate, it may fairly be supposed that the Assyrian sculptures will rather add to the credit of Ctesias than detract from it. 5 He died A.C. 695. -- The original language of this people is a point of great interest to the biblical critic. Other traditional stories also exist around Nimrod, which have resulted in him being referenced as a tyrant in Muslim cultures. ( ", ), () He [Abraham] was given over to Nimrod. 2 24, ap Heng., p. 275, Edit. This hollow clay cylinder is inscribed with cuneiform and records the achievements of Nebuchadnezzar II, the king of Babylon. [Abraham] said to him: If so, shall I worship the cloud, which carries the water? (Babylon is interchangeable with Babel.) However, Ephrem the Syrian (306373) relates a contradictory view, that Nimrod was righteous and opposed the builders of the Tower. For more information on what archaeology says about Nimrod, the original builder of the tower of Babel, read our article NIMROD: Found?, And if the Bible is accurate about the tower of Babel, then could it also be accurate about what followedthe forced spread of humanity around the world, according to languages, from this single post-Flood group? Fudd. It further adds that Nimrod "saw in the sky a piece of black cloth and a crown". There is another translation of this text that is even more direct in language. In the Revelation visions of the apostle John, centuries after Nebuchadnezzar, it became the primary symbol of the world system organized without God and in defiance of the Lord of History, just like Nimrod. Historians, Orientalists, Assyriologists and mythographers have long tried to find links between the Nimrod of biblical texts and real historically attested figures in Mesopotamia. The testimony of Cicero is precisely similar. [11][12][13], An early Arabic work known as Kitab al-Magall or the Book of Rolls (part of Clementine literature) states that Nimrod built the towns of Hadnin, Ellasar, Seleucia, Ctesiphon, Rhn, Atrapatene, Telaln, and others, that he began his reign as king over earth when Reu was 163, and that he reigned for 69 years, building Nisibis, Raha (Edessa) and Harran when Peleg was 50. a. [citation needed] Some Jewish traditions also identified him with Cyrus, whose birth according to Herodotus was accompanied by portents, which made his grandfather try to kill him. Pirke De-Rabbi Eliezer (c. 833) relates the Jewish traditions that Nimrod inherited the garments of Adam and Eve from his father Cush, and that these made him invincible. : . The spectacular stone monument clearly shows the Tower and King Nebuchadnezzar II, who ruled Babylon some 2,500 years ago. Who is responsible for the death of Jesus Christ. 26. 2 section. As translated above, Nebuchadnezzar literally calls this monument the Tower of Babylon. Specify between which dates you want to search, and what keywords you are looking for. Real Answers. : ! Now it was Nimrod who excited them to such an affront and contempt of God. Thus, according to Diodorus Siculus, Belesys was the chief president of the priests, "whom the Babylonians call Chaldeans," 15 and governor of Babylon. This article is about the biblical king. On this stele, we may have a glimpse into what the tower of Babel looked likeor, at least, what Nebuchadnezzars reconstruction of it looked like. Not only does Nebuchadnezzar describe, on these cylinders, a rebuilding of this tower, another of his inscriptions depicts what it may have looked like. According to the book of Genesis, the city of Babylon was part of the territory founded by Nimrod, the great-grandson of Noah (Genesis 10:8-10). Yet when the fire is lit, Abraham walks out unscathed. "The question," says Heeren, "what the Chaldeans really were, and whether they ever properly existed as a nation, is one of the most difficult which history presents. The inference from the statement of the Book of Jonah is, that it was populous, civilized, and extensive. Chronological Notes and Seventy-Sevens of Daniel 9:24-27 Nebuchadnezzar's Lineage. : , , ? Michaelis and Sehlozer consider their origin to be Sclavonic, and, consequently, distinct from the Babylonians, who were descendants of Shem. In this version, the weaver is called Sisan, and the fourth son of Noah is called Yonton. These stories are found among the worlds most far-reaching, diverse cultures. To determine the question which was raised in our last Dissertation, we must investigate the origin of the Chaldeans, as it was the tribe whence Nebuchadnezzar sprung. Strabo also informs us that the same language was used throughout all the regions on the banks of the Euphrates. The word, in the Chaldee dialects, is clearly the same as the Greek, and Gesenius supposing the root to have been originally, refers them to the race inhabiting the mountains called by Xenophon. who uses precisely the same expression, recording its circumference as four hundred and eighty stadia, with high and broad walls. In the year A.C. 650, Nebuchodonosor is found on the throne of Assyria, "a date," says Vaux, "which is determined by the coincidence with the forty-eighth year of Manasseh, and by the fact that his seventeenth year was the last of Phraortes, king of Media, A.C. 634. Birs Cylinders He said [to himself]: what shall I do? And as an aside, Herodotuss description of a winding ascenttogether with the steles representation of the towershow that some of the famous Renaissance paintings of a stepped tower of Babel are not too far off the mark. The term "nimrod" is sometimes used in English to mean either a tyrant or a skillful hunter. In David Rohl's theory, Enmerkar, the Sumerian founder of Uruk, was the original inspiration for Nimrod, because the story of Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta[45] bears a few similarities to the legend of Nimrod and the Tower of Babel, and because the -KAR in Enmerkar means "hunter". Credited with the destruction of the temple of Solomon in 586 BCE, Nebuchadnezzar II was also responsible for sending the Jews into exile, according to the Bible. Nimrod, grandson of Ham, son of Noah, was the real founder of the Babylonish system that has gripped the world ever sincethe system of organized competitionof man-ruled governments and empires, based upon the competitive and profit-making economic system. 16 p. 737. Ancient scribes have also endorsed the idea that Nimrod was the world's first conqueror. Nimrod or Namrd b.Cann (Arabic: ) was the king of Babylon at the time of Prophet Abraham (a).In the Qur'an, the name of Nimrod is not mentioned, but he is mentioned in Quran 2 and Quran 21.He was idol-worshipper and idol-worshipping was common in his kingdom. This translation calls this massive, unfinished tower the most ancient monument of Babylon. Some stories bring them both together in a cataclysmic collision, seen as a symbol of the confrontation between Good and Evil, or as a symbol of monotheism against polytheism. Forster, indeed, has argued at considerable length in favor of their Arabian origin, and supposes them the well known Beni Khaled, a horde of Bedouin Arabs. In the History of the Prophets and Kings by the 9th century Muslim historian al-Tabari, Nimrod has the tower built in Babil, Allah destroys it, and the language of mankind, formerly Syriac, is then confused into 72 languages. First of all, nobody thinks Nebuchadnezzar was Nimrod. 8 Vaux quotes Dicaearchus, a Greek historian of the time of Alexander the Great, as alluding to a certain Chaldean, a king of Assyria, who is supposed to have built Babylon; and in later times, Chaldea implied the whole of Mesopotamia around Babylon, which had also the name of Shiner. "[50] Although Lee may have been sarcastically referring to the student as a "tyrant or skillful hunter", the modern usage more closely fits his message. 10; Micah v. 5 [A. V. 6]). As the Medes revolted first, so the Chaldeans rebelled afterwards, according to the usual law of separation from the parent stock, when the tribe or race grows strong enough to establish its independence. [citation needed], A portent in the stars tells Nimrod and his astrologers of the impending birth of Abraham, who would put an end to idolatry. [citation needed], Still other versions have Nimrod persisting in his rebellion against God, or resuming it. Pictured above are mudbrick ruins of Nebuchadnezzar's city along with ancient wall lines and canals in modern day Iraq. Gesenius, in his Lectures on Biblical Archaeology, reminds us of their being first tributary to the Assyrians, of their subsequent occupation of the plains of Mesopotamia for some centuries previously to their becoming the conquerors of Asia under successful leaders. Gronov., p. 40. A small handful of artifacts, however, help show an interesting link between Nebuchadnezzar and the biblical colossus. of Arabia, volume 1 p. 54, and volume 2 p. 210. Centuries later in 620 BC, Nebuchadnezzar, a successor to Nimrod, became the ruler of Babylon and would demonstrate that founders of a nation inject their spiritual DNA into their offspring. He was succeeded by his son Laosduchius, the Nabuchodonosor of the Book of Judith, whose successor commenced his reign in the fifty-first year of Manasseh, being the hundred and first of the above mentioned era. tower that the legendary epic (dated to about 2300 b.c.e., according to biblical chronology) derived. 13.Hist. In rabbinical writings up to the present, he is almost invariably referred to as "Nimrod the Evil" (Hebrew: ). It was built of burnt brick, cemented together with mortar, made of bitumen, that it might not be liable to admit water. The steles statement of raising the towers top to the heaven is interestingit parallels the intent in building the tower of Babel, whose top is in the heavens (Genesis 11:4). 12 Lib. The voice of Zephaniah is soon followed by the sword of Arbaces, and Sennacherib and Sardanapalus are eclipsed by the rising greatness of Nabopolassar and Cyaxares. Copyright An., lib. Titus, Nebuchadnezzar, and Nimrod in the adth and Midrash Aggadah Narratives of Villainy: Titus, Nebuchadnezzar, and Nimrod in the adth and midrash aggadah Shari L. Lowin Much has been written on the similarities between the narratives of the shared founding fathers of Judaism and Islam. Historians have failed to match Nimrod with any historically attested figure. The dates assigned to these events vary considerably; the following may be trusted as the result of careful comparison. 3 Strabo, lib. He was allegedly the first king to wear a crown. Nebuchadnezzar was from Babylon or Persia which is modern day Iraq. Borsippa literally means tongue tower, thus providing a link to language. 11. Hebrew sources claim that Nimrod was a hunter of souls where he gathered men onto the plains of Shinar. He would suffer with this affliction for 7 years, until one day when he looked up to heaven and gave God the glory. ], but he did not finish its head; from the lapse of time it had become ruined the rain and wet had penetrated into the brickwork; the casing of burnt brick had bulged out Merodach, my great lord, inclined my heart to repair the building. The views of Hengstenberg are usually so correct, that the student may generally adopt them at once as his own. 3. Later, Esau (grandson of Abraham), ambushed, beheaded, and robbed Nimrod. and he answered: "I am Abraham's!". See also Strabo, lib. The first prince who is known to have lived after this revolt is Nabonassar, the founder of the era called by his name. The Christian Bishop Eusebius of Caesarea as early as the early 4th century, noting that the Babylonian historian Berossus in the 3rd century BC had stated that the first king after the flood was Euechoios of Chaldea (in reality Chaldea was a small state historically not founded until the 9th century BC), identified him with Nimrod. They are not mentioned by name again in the books of Scripture till many centuries afterwards they had become a mighty nation. Indeed, Abraham's crucial act of leaving Mesopotamia and settling in Canaan is sometimes interpreted as an escape from Nimrod's revenge. The [five] letters that spell "Nimrod" can be aligned with the [first five] letters that spell "Nebuchadnezzar", and the last three letters [of "Nebuchadnezzar"] spell the word for "ruler" [in Hebrew, "netzer"]. But Babylon did not disappear. Lee describes a "young nimrod from the West", who in declining an appointment to West Point expressed the concern that "I hope my country will not be endangered by my doing so. [4] He is described as the son of Cush, grandson of Ham, and great-grandson of Noah; and as "a mighty one in the earth" and "a mighty hunter before the Lord". [2]According to K. van der Toorn and P. W. van der Horst, this tradition is first attested in the writings of Pseudo-Philo. And the king believed in the Creator of the heavens and the earth and witnessed of his faith to his empire (Daniel 2:47; 3:28,29). a word of Persian origin, and clearly applicable to the office as described by Daniel. [25] Nimrod is also mentioned in one of the earliest writings of the Bb (the herald of the Bah Faith). The two believers were Solomon (Sulayman in Islamic texts) and Dhul Qarnayn, and the two disbelievers were Nebuchadnezzar II and Nimrod. After lifting up his heart in pride, Nebuchadnezzar the king of Babylon was stricken with madness and given the heart of a beast. [citation needed]. However, this traditional identification of the cities built by Nimrod in Genesis is no longer accepted by modern scholars, who consider them to be located in Sumer, not Syria. After a period of Assyrian control, Babylon became self-governing again under Chaldean rule, and seized the reign of the known world. Babel; Erech; Accad; Calneh; These places were located in Shinar, the area currently known as Iraq.As we can see on the following map, Shinar is very close to Africa.We should also note that before African territory was renamed . Such an event would result in some form of a tower of Babelconfusion of languages story being carried by separate cultures all over the world. The king answers, "I give life and cause death". If the people were of old northern mountaineers, they spoke a language connected with the Indo-Persic and Indo-Germanic stem rather than the Semitic. (4000 B.C.-3000 B.C. Despite the claims of critics (particularly those who try to pass off the Bible as a late forgery of overly imaginative writers), archaeological finds such as Nebuchadnezzars cylinders and Tower of Babel Stele continue to provide sound evidence that backs up the biblical account. [16] Both the Huns' and Magyars' historically attested skill with the recurve bow and arrow are attributed to Nimrd. Since then, it has been kept as part of the private Norwegian Schyen Collection. Some accounts have a gnat or mosquito enter Nimrod's brain and drive him out of his mind (a divine retribution which Jewish tradition also assigned to the Roman Emperor Titus, destroyer of the Temple in Jerusalem). It is the critics who are almost monthly forced to move their goalpostsnot the Hebrew Bible, which has remained unchanged for well over 2,000 years. [2] Later extra-biblical traditions identified Nimrod as the ruler who commissioned the construction of the Tower of Babel, which led to his reputation as a king who was rebellious against God. In the New Monthly Magazine for August and September 1845, there are two articles very full of illustration of our subject, by W. F. Ainsworth, entitled, The Rivers and Cities of Babylonia. The first biblical mention of Nimrod is in the Table of Nations.

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