PPT - Histology PowerPoint presentation | free to download - id: 4617df Nervous tissue is made up of just 2 types of cells: Neurons. Peripheral nerves are bundles of myelinated nerve fibers (axons) wrapped in connective tissue (endo-, peri- and epi- neurium). Junquieras Basic Histology (13th ed.). Figure 1, Figure 4, and Figure 5 show the myelin sheath surrounding an axon segment, but are not to scale. The nervous system can be organized in several different ways. And there are many different types of neurons. Nervous tissue contains two categories of cellsneurons and neuroglia. Epithelium is classified by both its cellular morphology and the number of cell layers. The alimentary canal is a tube extending from the mouth to the anus that serves as a channel for food and water to be digested, their nutrients absorbed and indigestible portions excreted. The neuronal bodies within the grey matter are organized into layers (laminae). . Gordana Sendi MD There are more tissues on the website than you are responsible for. The skin is both a medium for interaction with the environment and a barrier, protecting us from outside microbes and chemicals, changes in temperature and dehydration. You may be able to see subtle differences in the distribution of cell types in rather loosely demarcated layers. Both neurons and glia have fine processes projecting from the cell body, which generally cannot be resolved in the light microscope without special staining techniques. The insulation for axons in the nervous system is provided by glial cells, oligodendrocytes in the CNS, and Schwann cells in the PNS. Nervous tissue (Histology) - SlideShare Examine the boundary between molecular and granule cell layers. Did you know that chronic alcoholics have a lot more smooth endoplasmic reticulum concentrations in their hepatocytes? Whereas the manner in which either cell is associated with the axon segment, or segments, that it insulates is different, the means of myelinating an axon segment is mostly the same in the two situations. The proteins are then exposed to labeled artificial antibodies that bind to the protein of interest and catalyse a chemiluminescent reaction, in which light is emitted as a result of a chemical reaction allowing visualization of the protein. Like the spleen and lymph nodes, the immune cells in this tissue can mount an immune response against foreign invading material. Because of this, ependymal cells can be considered a component of the BBB, or a place where the BBB breaks down. The lighter-colored layers on both sides of the axon are myelin. Some ways in which they support neurons in the central nervous system are by maintaining the concentration of chemicals in the extracellular space, removing excess signaling molecules, reacting to tissue damage, and contributing to the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Because information flows through the neuron from dendrites or cell bodies toward the axon, these names are based on the neurons polarity (Figure 2). These hormones regulate a variety of processes, such as metabolism, growth and blood pressure. Any of those processes can function as an axon depending on the conditions at any given time. Nervous tissue. Together this gives us the various types of epithelial tissues, such as simple squamous epithelium, stratified cuboidal epithelium, pseudostratified columnar epithelium and many more. Get instant access to this gallery, plus: Introduction to the musculoskeletal system, Nerves, vessels and lymphatics of the abdomen, Nerves, vessels and lymphatics of the pelvis, Infratemporal region and pterygopalatine fossa, Meninges, ventricular system and subarachnoid space, keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, Cellular membrane, cytoplasm, organelles, nucleus. Correct answer 2. Other blotting techniques include Southern blot, Western blot, Far-Western blot, Southwestern blot, Eastern blot, Far-Eastern blot, Northern blot, Reverse Northern blot and Dot blot. Next, the tissue is embedded with paraffin wax, which firms the tissue enough permit thin slices. The edges of this loose enclosure extend toward each other, and one end tucks under the other. While this barrier protects the CNS from exposure to toxic or pathogenic substances, it also keeps out the cells that could protect the brain and spinal cord from disease and damage. Slide 13270 astrocytes, Gold-staining View Virtual Slide Go to a lighter stained area of the slide, which is in focus, and look for typical star-shaped cells, which represent astrocytes. Nervous system - Histology As such, nerves do not contain neural cell bodies. For example, the simple columnar epithelium of the stomach fundus contains special parietal cells which secrete HCl to break down meat proteins. The sample on the slide below (Figure 7) was taken from the motor cortex, an area of the frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex that is involved in the conscious planning and execution of voluntary muscle movement. The endocrine system is a set of tissues that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. Lastly, the specimen is stained with hematoxylin and eosin dyes. Nervous Tissue - PowerPoint PPT Presentation - PowerShow What is the difference between a ganglion and a nucleus? Muscle cells have a specialized type of smooth endoplasmic reticulum called sarcoplasmic reticulum, which stores calcium ions. Histology of Nervous Tissue - PowerPoint PPT Presentation - PowerShow The testes produce male gametes (spermatozoa) via the process of spermatogenesis. They have rectangular bodies and many dendrite like projections stemming from their shorter sides. Hair follicles are invaginations of the epidermis that contain rapidly proliferating and keratinizing cells responsible for the production and growth of hair. Histology. Nevertheless, even if they cannot be easily seen, and one specific process is definitively the axon, these neurons have multiple processes and are therefore multipolar. Reading time: 28 minutes. . Controls and integrates all body activities. Multiple muscle cells are bound by connective tissue into fascicles, and multiple fascicles join to form a muscle belly. The glomerulus contains some interesting cells, such as mesangial cells which have supportive and phagocytic properties; juxtaglomerular cells that secrete renin which acts, in a broad sense, to help regulate our blood pressure; podocytes that control the permeability of the filtration membrane; and many more. Epithelial cells form two important histological structures within the brain; the blood-brain barrier and the choroid plexus. They are electrically active and release chemical signals to target cells. One cell providing support to neurons of the CNS is the astrocyte, so named because it appears to be star-shaped under the microscope (astro- = star). Diffuse lymphoid tissues and lymphatic nodules are non-encapsulated accumulations of lymphoid tissue found in locations such as the alimentary, respiratory and genitourinary tracts. ("4" in the orientation figure) a polymorphic layer containing nerve fibers (known as "mossy fibers") and cell bodies of interneurons, ("5" in the orientation figure) a middle granule cell layer containing the round, neuronal cell bodies of dentate granule cells. At the end of the axon is the axon terminal, where there are usually several branches extending toward the target cell, each of which ends in an enlargement called a synaptic end bulb. Neuroglia (glial cells) (supporting cells) The organization and morphology of the cells shown is found ONLY in the ventral spinal cord. 1:00 - 2:55 Cartilage and Bone ppt | pdf | lecture recording. Tissue preparation, tissue staining, microscopy, hybridisation. The musculoskeletal system consists of hard tissues (bones, joints, cartilage) and soft tissues (muscles, tendons, ligaments). The kidneys clear waste products and control plasma pH, electrolytes and extracellular fluid volume. First, their dendrites are receiving sensory information, sometimes directly from the stimulus itself. The accessory genital glands include the prostate, seminal vesicles and bulbourethral glands. Basic nervous tissue staining mechanisms and classification of nervous tissue elements will be discussed. Myelin is a fatty substance that makes the axon appear white. Histology Complete and Basic Tissues. Ependymal cells line each ventricle, one of four central cavities that are remnants of the hollow center of the neural tube formed during the embryonic development of the brain, as well as the central canal of the spinal cord. The medial surface of the section is the posterior portion of the thalamus and a small portion of the cerebral peduncle. Which are classified as grey matter? Examine the gray matter on each side of the sulcus using first low and then high power. PPTX Histology of Nervous Tissue Nervous system ppt #2 - Liberty Union High The glial cell is wrapped around the axon several times with little to no cytoplasm between the glial cell layers. In addition to pyramidal cells, other nuclei seen in these sections may belong to other neurons or to glial cells also present in the cortex. The Schwann cells (in the peripheral nerves) and the satellite cells (in the ganglia) are glial cells (supporting cells) of the PNS. They are highly specialized to transmit nerve impulses. The cells are laid down on top of dense irregular connective tissue, the basement membrane (BM). They are found mainly in the olfactory epithelium (where smell stimuli are sensed), and as part of the retina. 1. One of the two types of glial cells found in the PNS is the satellite cell. Cells are the tiny living units that form the tissues, organs and structures within the body. The tissue is sectioned thinly enough so that light can pass through it. Under light microscopy, skeletal and cardiac muscles appear striated due to the parallel arrangement of their contractile filaments into repeating units called sarcomeres. The branch of medical science that deals with the. Full Tissue PPT S22(1) (1).pptx - CLASSIFICATION OF TISSUES HISTOLOGY The dorsal nucleus of Clarke slide 066a View Image is in the dorsal horn and contains relatively large, multipolar neurons that receive proprioceptive information from dorsal root ganglion cells that are innervated by muscle spindles in the trunk and lower limb. View HISTOLOGY OF NERVOUS TISSUE A.ppt from BIO 001 at Holy Angel University. Pancreatic serous acini secrete digestive enzymes which break down fat, carbohydrates and proteins. Slide NP004N hippocampal region coronal section luxol blue View Virtual Slide [orientation]. Slide of tissue is followed by slide of tissue with correct answer. Tissuesare classified into four basic types: epithelium, connective tissue (includes cartilage, bone and blood), muscle, and nervous tissue. As you learned in the first section, the main part of a neuron is the cell body, which is also known as the soma (soma = body). Sensory reception is a peripheral function (those dendrites are in the periphery, perhaps in the skin) so the cell body is in the periphery, though closer to the CNS in a ganglion. Lateral to this structure is the tail of the caudate. Since tissues are relatively colorless, the magnifying properties of the optic microscope are not sufficient for proper visualization of a specimen; therefore staining techniques described above are coupled with optic microscopy. How. It relays sensory input to cerebral cortex. The PNS is all neural tissue outside of the CNS, i.e. Mucoid connective tissue is a fetal tissue present in the umbilical cord. They are separated into four categories: muscular, nervous, epithelial and connective. Click on human from the drop down list 5. Nervous Tissue - Characteristics, Structure, Function - BYJUS Histology Copyright by Malgosia Wilk-Blaszczak. And research may find much more about them in the future. Many neurons in the spinal cord may appear shrunken and surrounded by an empty space due to poor fixation. In a transverse section of a nerve (Figure 10), single myelinated axons look like little circles organized in bundles called fascicles. These vibrate to produce sound as air passes through them. What anatomical feature explains this phenomenon? I would honestly say that Kenhub cut my study time in half. Based on their functional properties, these are described as either voluntary (skeletal) or involuntary (cardiac and smooth muscle). Oligodendrocytes have processes that reach out to multiple axon segments, whereas the entire Schwann cell surrounds just one axon segment. Two nodes of Ranvier are circled in Figure 9 below. Recall thatSchwann cells are the glial cells responsible for myelination in the peripheral nervous system. Because the axon hillock represents the beginning of the axon, it is also referred to as the initial segment. Because of the privileged blood supply inherent in the BBB, the extracellular space in nervous tissue does not easily exchange components with the blood. PPT - Histology of Nervous Tissue PowerPoint Presentation, free Blotting technique is a method of localizing and quantifying proteins, DNA and RNA. normal functioning and disorders of the nervous. Click on the white box with the question mark on it 4. Histology (Tissues). The information we provide is grounded on academic literature and peer-reviewed research. Correct answer 4. The epidermis (epithelium) and dermis (connective tissue) compose the skin. Together these organs provide the ability of reproduction and sexual intercourse. The membrane wrapped around the fascicle is called an endoneurium and is made of the loose reticular connective tissue. Did you know that there are special cardiomyocytes in your heart that spontaneously generate impulses to initiate heartbeats? It consists of small, spindle-shaped mesenchymal cells and ground substance with sparse collagen and reticular fibers. Click on launch activity 2. Tissues are routinely visualised using microscopy. The neuron is the structural and functional/electrically excitable unit of the nervous system Nervous system The nervous system is a small and complex system that consists of an intricate network of neural cells (or neurons) and even more glial cells (for support and insulation). PPT 2: Nervous Tissue and Histology Flashcards | Quizlet Supporting cells dont get as much credit as neurons in popular culture; but did you know that glial cells make up at least 80% of nervous tissue? When viewing the microscopic anatomy of the ovary, we can see that it consists of a surface germinal epithelium (capsule), ovarian follicles (cortex) and connective tissue (capsule, cortex medulla). Virtual Slide List | histology - University Of Michigan Here, the tissue of interest is immersed in a fixative solution. This preserves it into the same state that it had when it was in the body, and thus, keeps it from degrading. Pia mater 2. Afferent nerves carry information from sensory organs to the brain, while efferent nerves carry motor impulses from the brain to the muscles.Taking location into account, the nervous system can be divided into the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Cells are categorized into various types, all of which perform different functions. The main effector cells of the lymphatic system are the immune system cells. Bundles of myelinated axons in the brain are called tracts, while bundles of axons in the PNS are called nerves. Wheaters functional histology: A text and colour atlas. Using only histological evidence, could you determine from where in the nervous system a sample of tissue was taken? The CNS contains the brain and spinal cord. Bone tissue is a specialized type of connective tissue that contains cells (osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts), fibers (collagen type I) and mineralized extracellular matrix. The cells of Clarke's nucleus then relay this information via axonal projections that extend all the way up into the cerebellum (hence the reason why the cells are so large) where it is processed to allow for coordinated movement. Slide 076cerebrumcerebrum luxol blue crossView Virtual Slide, Slide 076bcerebrumTB&EView Virtual Slide. Description: Chapter 11 Histology of Nervous Tissue J.F. Peripheral nerves: Histology and clinical aspects | Kenhub Histology guide: Definition and slides | Kenhub Lining ventricles of the brain, creating CSF. Scattered in the cytoplasm are the characteristic clusters of ribosomes and rough ER termed Nissl bodies or Nissl substanceslide 066aView Image. The study of. The respiratory system consists of the lungs and a series of passageways (nasal cavities, paranasal sinuses, larynx, trachea and bronchi) that connect alveoli to the external environment. For Schwann cells, the outermost layer of the cell membrane contains cytoplasm and the nucleus of the cell as a bulge on one side of the myelin sheath. With one exception, neurons such as this (though not necessarily this large) are found in ALL areas of the nervous system. Structure of a Neuron. PPT - Histology (Tissues) PowerPoint Presentation, free download - ID Oligodendrocytes (another type of glial cell) are responsible for the myelination of CNS axons. Bones articulate with other bones by way of joints, which can be synovial, fibrous or cartilaginous. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Afferent, efferent, visceral and more. Name thefunction of the cell marked by the black arrow. Very little can pass through by diffusion. Neurons are usually described as having one, and only one, axona fiber that appears as a long cord emerging from the cell body and projects to target cells. These glial cells appear similar to epithelial cells, making a single layer of cells with little intracellular space and tight connections between adjacent cells. One or more cell processes may also be seen emerging from the neuronal perikaryon. Typically one or more sulci (infoldings) will extend inward from one edge of the section. The nervous system is responsible for the control of the body and the communication among its parts. The outer cerebellar cortex, shown in Figure 8, is tightly folded and has three distinct layers: Purkinje cells are typically arranged in a single row between the exterior molecular and interior granular layers. and grab your free ultimate anatomy study guide! Examine the layered organization of the cerebral cortex usingslide 76stained withluxol blue/cresyl violet[orientation](which stains white matter tracts and cell bodies) ortoluidine blue and eosin[orientation](TB&E, toluidine blue stains the nuclei and RER of cells whereas eosin stains membranes and axon tracts). They are responsible for the computation and communication that the nervous system provides. Click on explore at the bottom of the page 3. They are considered to be supporting cells, and many functions are directed at helping neurons complete their function for communication. Sertoli cells prevent the immune system from attacking and destroying the spermatozoa. Above the temporal (ventral or inferior) horn of the lateral ventricle the lateral geniculate nucleus is present. Click on a question to reveal the answer. It will also benefit the publication of several new topics (Hematology, Pathogen ID, and Gross Anatomy). It is named after the anatomist who discovered it (Jan Evangilista Purkinje, 17871869). ("6" in the orientation figure) a molecular layer containing dendrites of the granule cells. Thoroughly learn the parts of a cell using our diagrams and cell quizzes! There are two types of EM: transmission electron microscopy, which requires very thin sections of tissue, and scanning electron microscopy, which uses larger pieces of tissue and produces 3-dimensional images. Glial cells, such as astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, Schwann cells and others, provide support, nourishment, myelination and protection to neurons. Movement on one side of the body is often controlled by nerve impulses originating on the opposite side of the brain.

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