The cruel custom of foot binding the women became popular during the Song era. A centre of commerce, it was visited in the late 13th century by the Venetian traveler Marco Polo, who called it Kinsai, or Quinsay; it then had an estimated population of 1 million to 1.5 million. A population count in Hangzhou was carried out in 2023. They built paddle-wheel ships that were faster and more maneuverable than regular boats in the rivers. to incorporate the statistic into your presentation at any time. The Song era and the Han era stand out as the two dynastic eras in China's history with the most rapid scientific and technical progress. Hangzhou: Population: 64.568 million (4.57 %) [8 th] comparison table: Area: 102,000 km 2 [39,382 mile 2] (1.06 %) [25 th] GDP: th] Neighbors: Shanghai Jiangsu Jiangxi Anhui Fujian: Others or just click on the map: Ancient town of Xitang, Zhejiang. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/place/Hangzhou, Hangzhou China - Official site of Hangzhou, Hangzhou - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). The city is located in the northern part of the province on the north bank of the Qiantang River estuary at the head of Hangzhou Bay. Chart. Its commercial role was later augmented by the construction of a railway to Shanghai (1909), of another to Ningbo (1914), and of a main line to Jiangxi and Hunan provinces in 193638. From 1075 to 1077, the Ly Dynasty in Vietnam fought them. The combination of a pleasant environment alongside business growth means Hangzhou is now one of the wealthiest cities in China with an estimated 153 people worth . The combined armies of the Jurchens and the Song defeated the Liao Empire. "China: population of Hangzhou from 1980 to 2035 (in millions)." 1277 - Hangzhou Salt Distribution Commission established. On the Population HUB website you can find out the number of people in any of the regions of the Earth. There were conflicts with the Viets in the south. China The Northern Song Dynasty sought to defeat the Liao. In Europe, the introduction of movable type printing caused a huge literary, social, religious and political revolution and great cultural change because movable type printing for Europeans was much more economical than block printing. The new drought resistant rice from southeast Asia could grow at higher elevations and further north than the native rice. In 1861, during the Taiping Rebellion (185064), the city fell to the rebels and suffered severe damage. Eleven cities, including Hangzhou, Qingdao and Wenzhou, have populations of 9-10 million. Chengdu - 21.19 million (up by 245,000) 2. Movable type printing was one of the most important technologies of world history. (2002 est.) Advanced waterworks: Major irrigation projects and canal building projects using advanced engineering techniques improved agriculture, transportation, food distribution and trade. //]]> Hurun Global Rich List 2020", Hangzhou Economic & Technological Development Zone|China Industrial Space, Hangzhou Export Processing Zone|China Industrial Space, Hangzhou Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone|China Industrial Space, "Modern-Day Marco Polo for Hangzhou, China", "Hangzhou Port cargo throughput exceeds 100 mln tons", KLM launched its first flight to Hangzhou in China, "China unveils Shanghai-Hangzhou high-speed railway; eyes network extension", "Hangzhou Halts All Electric Taxis as a Zotye Langyue (Multipla) EV Catches Fire", "Zhejiang University surpasses Tsinghua as top university of China", "Leading 200 science cities | Nature Index 2022 Science Cities | Supplements | Nature Index", "Kota Kinabalu, Hangzhou to ink MoU to enhance friendship ties", "Remarks by Consul-General CHEN Peijie At the National Day Reception", "China's Hanghzou Clears Out Pestsand Peopleas It Prepares to Host the G20 Summit", Arts Crafts Museum Hangzhou in Google Cultural Institute, List of universities and colleges in Zhejiang, Yangtze River Midstream (Yangtze River Valley), Sub-provincial cities as provincial capitals, Template:Administrative divisions of Taiwan, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hangzhou&oldid=1142578752, Populated places established in the 3rd century BC, Sub-provincial cities in the People's Republic of China, Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments, Articles containing Chinese-language text, CS1 Simplified Chinese-language sources (zh-hans), CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown, Articles with Persian-language sources (fa), Articles with Latin-language sources (la), CS1 Chinese (China)-language sources (zh-cn), Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Articles containing simplified Chinese-language text, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from January 2023, Articles needing additional references from April 2018, All articles needing additional references, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2010, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2013, Articles needing cleanup from August 2019, Articles with sections that need to be turned into prose from August 2019, Articles needing additional references from August 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2023, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2020, Articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. Some economists say the Song era was a time of technological and economic revolution. He took the name Emperor Taizu (927 976), and during the next 20 years, he and his son defeated the other kingdoms and so established the Song Empire. Furthermore, because of the large population and the busy commercial traffic, there is a demand for everything." Description of Hangzhou, capital of the southern Song dynasty, circa 1235 C.E. Today Hangzhou is booming again. Historians divide Song history into two eras: In between, there was a short period of invasion and infighting among rivals before the remnants of the empire arose again south of the Yangtze. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. [Online]. Which of the following assertions in the description of Hangzhou above would be most difficult to verify? Please do not hesitate to contact me. They may have been key factors in the dynasty's downfall. If you use our chart images on your site or blog, we ask that you provide attribution via a link back to this page. Hangzhou - Population. The permanent population of Hangzhou has reached 12.204 million with a birth rate of 7.6, a death rate of 4.7, an urbanization rate of 83.6%, and an average age of 38. The population couldn't grow. Rice became the major food crop, and their increased output enabled the population to explode. In 1235, his son gedei, who replaced him, called in a kurultai to decide on the future direction of the conquests. Hangzhou was held by the Japanese from 1937 to 1945. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. This expedition was a disaster, and the Tanguts regained territory they had lost earlier. Hangzhou, capital of Zhejiang province and home to Alibaba Group, recorded an estimated population of almost 10 million by the end of 2018, according to a metro newspaper owned by Hangzhou Daily Press Group. Neighboring Tianjin saw a more significant drop of more than 136,000. These two failed invasions weakened their military strength and the court's finances. He evaded Jurchen attempts to capture him and an attempted Song coup. The Song used varieties of gunpowder in rockets including multistage rockets, guns, cannons, chemical warfare weapons, and bombs. Experience local culture by practicing it. With their large populations, access to major resources like food and goods, and complex networks of roads and trade, big cities were natural centers of urbanization and development that contributed to the growth of trade. In addition to thermal electric-generating plants, the city is connected via the regional power grid to the large Xinan River hydroelectric project to the southwest and to Shanghai and Nanjing. A prefecture named Hangzhou was created there in 589, during the Sui dynasty (581618), which is the source of the citys name. [16] 1981 - Zhou Feng becomes mayor. "2030", 20072020271, . Emperor Taizu began reigning over in the year 960. As described in our Tang Empire (618907) article, when that stable and cosmopolitan empire collapsed in 906 AD, their territory was divided among newly established kingdoms or by invading tribes for 54 years. The Mongols maneuvered around the immobile fleet and set the Song ships on fire in the hot, dry weather. Population HUB - this is an accessible statistics of the population of the country, city and any other region. Every reply will be within 24 hours. That Hangzhou had a large population b. With the rapid development of the economy and increase of population . Furthermore, because of the large population and the busy commercial traffic, there is a demand for everything." - (Description of Hangzhou, capital of the southern Song dynasty, circa 1235 C.E.) River Cruise, Chinese [13] 1958 - Hangzhou Zoo opens. During the era of relative prosperity and peace, agricultural development, commerce, urbanization, and industrialization advanced. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. There was a giant naval battle involving 200,000 people on a fleet of 1,000 ships against 20,000 Mongol troops on only 50 ships! Scientific Academies: He created academies that allowed a great deal of freedom of thought and discussion. At the end of the Song Dynasty in 1277, the Song army used landmines against the Mongols. AuthorHUANG Yuxuan (Reporter) EditorWang Jian. In comparison, the famous Leaning Tower of Pisa that was finished in the 14th century is 183 feet tall. Population of Fuyang. Electronics manufacturing has also become a major component of the citys economy. In the east, by the year 923, there were 8 small kingdoms. This saying means "in heaven there is paradise, on earth there is Su[zhou] and Hang[zhou]". Favorable rules for peasants and farmers: The Song had a law that any farmer who planted on fallow land and paid taxes could own the land, and this encouraged peasants to become landowners. Along with Hangzhou, Quanzhou, Guangzhou, and Xiamen were other huge seaport merchant cities, some of the biggest and richest in the world at the time, and great wealth flowed through them. They used blasting powder for mining and other peaceful uses as well. You can only download this statistic as a Premium user. share interesting stories, insider information, and even create unexpected Eventually, the Jin captured about 40 percent of the Northern Song Empire's territory. After a short period of invasion and infighting among rivals, the remnants of the empire arose again south of the Yangtze. the use of cookies. The document excerpted below,by an unknown author, describes the Southern Song capital of Hangzhou a city of between seven and eightsquare miles in 1235.Document Excerpts with QuestionsFrom Chinese Civilization: A Sourcebook, edited by Patricia . The Song court, stymied in the northwest, next wanted to expand south to annex the Viet territory. China: population of Hangzhou from 1980 to 2035 (in millions) [Graph]. knowledge The policy greatly strengthened the empire so that it could endure. The Song Empire (9601279) was generally prosperous and at the time it was the world's most powerful empire economically, scientifically, and militarily. Guide to Hangzhou in the Zhejiang Province, The 13 Best Things to Do in Hanoi, Vietnam, Where to Go in 2023: The Most Exciting Destinations to Explore This Year, Travel Itinerary: What to Do and See With Eight Days in Vietnam, The Best Day Trips to Take From Shanghai, China, 3 Days in Beijing: The Ultimate Itinerary, A Visitor's Guide to the City of Zhengzhou, Daily Itineraries for Chengdu and the Surrounding Area, Get our travel tips Delivered to your inbox. Though vastly outnumbered, the Mongols won! More details can be found in our privacy policy. The first emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang, famous for the building of an incredible mausoleum to himself known today as the Terracotta Warriors Museum, gets all the way to Hangzhou and declares the region a part of his empire. After some debate it was decided to make a move on Russia and Europe. The best surviving example of monumental scale Song construction is the Iron Pagoda in Kaifeng. *Estimate. However, he didn't discover the compass. The government of Hangzhou, a tech hub in east China . Facebook: quarterly number of MAU (monthly active users) worldwide 2008-2022, Quarterly smartphone market share worldwide by vendor 2009-2022, Number of apps available in leading app stores Q3 2022, Profit from additional features with an Employee Account. China Highlights uses cookies to give you the best possible service. Take to the hills and visit some of the historical pagodas and temples. To use individual functions (e.g., mark statistics as favourites, set The textile industry, originally confined to silk production, now produces both silk and cottons. For the urban elite, food was plentiful. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. In response, the Ly Dynasty sent an army of perhaps 100,000 to Nanning and soundly defeated three Song armies. Furthermore, because of the large population and the busy commercial traffic, there is a demand for everything." Description of Hangzhou, capital of the southern Song dynasty, circa 1235 C.E. The population of Hangzhou in 1235 was 1.24 million. The document excerpted below, by an unknown author, describes the Southern Song capital of Hangzhou a city of between seven and eight The trade allowed the Southern Song Empire to continue to be prosperous although they had lost a lot of land north of the Yangtze. The location was excellent with a maritime port for seagoing vessels and astride the Grand Canal and internal waterways. Mass circulating books and periodicals became common for the first time in any country, and average people and even farmers enjoyed reading fictional novels. China, the world's second-largest economy and one of the world's most populous countries, is trying to get its citizens to have more babies. Tang Dynasty (618-907) Hangzhou's population increases as well as its regional power, serves as the capital for the Wuyue kingdom in the late tenth century. China Daily | The varieties of gunpowder and gunpowder products were very important inventions. 1962 - Wang Zida becomes mayor. Hangzhou's population increases as well as its regional power, serves as the capital for the Wuyue kingdom in the late tenth century. Higher class and richer people began binding the feet of girls. So they maintained their territorial integrity, and they were able to prosper in their boundaries until 1127. So rice cultivation spread into more areas of the Song Empire. Song scientists and inventors excelled in invention and scientific innovation. Accessible information on the population of any region, fast work of the site and constant updating of information are the basis of our resource. It was 360 feet (110 metres) tall! [56] The most recent estimates of the city's urban area population are between 6,658,000 and 6,820,000. Taizu was unusual for his time for the extent that he nurtured and promoted the educational system, scholarly rule, and scientific research in his empire. A Shanghai-Ningbo expressway via Hangzhou was completed in the 1990s, and a Nanjing-Hangzhou expressway opened in the early 21st century. Increasing foreign investment and a cluster of some of China's most successful private enterprises, like New York Stock Exchange-listed Alibaba, have made Hangzhou, once again, one of the most prosperous cities in China. Rice didn't grow well there. But during the preceding Tang era and before, the Han people mainly ate wheat and millet as their staple grains. Squeezed between two advancing armies, the last Jin emperor was defeated easily. Explore destinations at your own pace. Among the 338,000 new residents, the net inflow population accounted for more than 300,000, suggesting that Hangzhou is becoming a magnet for talent. 1993 - Hangzhou Economic & Technological Development Zone approved. To fit these joint systems correctly, the Song architects and carpenters had to gauge the likely hazards and stresses the building was going to be face. exciting activities, and unveil the stories behind the sights and people. . The Mongol army that was sent to invade them was far bigger than the ones sent to attack the Middle East, Russia, Europe or any other region, but the Mongols had quickly conquered all the other countries and empires. As of the end of 2021, Hangzhou's permanent resident population was 12.204 million, up from 11.936 million at the end of 2020. a. The custom of foot binding spread to the lower classes and even to peasants although it rendered the girls less capable of doing farm labor or work around the house. Marco Polo described that the people in Hangzhou, the biggest city, ate surprisingly large quantities of fresh meat and fish. See our 5-Day Hangzhou and Watertown Tour for tour ideas that we can extend for you to include Kaifeng. 1235 1235 . His policies helped to ensure that the officials were very intelligent, literate, and loyal to the government. Based on imperial census counts taken during the Western Han Dynasty (202 BC9 AD) and the Tang Dynasty (618907), it is thought that the population of both of the those empires was about 50 million or 60 million. During the Southern Song era, people learned how to live in several of the world's largest urban centers ever constructed until that time. 1867 - Hangchow Presbyterian Boys' School in operation. Most other cities can only boast of one special product; what makes the capital unique is that it gathers goods from all places. In the later Song period (9601279), northern China fell to the Jin (Juchen) dynasty (11151234); from 1127 the Song rulers were confined to southern China, and they made Hangzhou (then known as Linan) their capital. China has 13 cities each of whose permanent-resident population exceeds 10 million. Use Ask Statista Research Service. They built their tallest wooden pagoda at Bianjing. The Neo-Confucian Classics were the Four Books and Five Classics (). Continue with Recommended Cookies. Which of the following assertions in the description of Hangzhou above would be most difficult to verify? They also learned to mass produce the fine porcelain. Hangzhou is one of 137 cities in China and ranks 13 in the China population. But in the Southern Song Empire, rice was abundant, cheap and by far the favorite staple food. The Song ships were chained together, and this made them easy targets. ", UN DESA, China: population of Hangzhou from 1980 to 2035 (in millions) Statista, https://www.statista.com/statistics/466968/china-population-of-hangzhou/ (last visited March 04, 2023), China: population of Hangzhou from 1980 to 2035 (in millions) [Graph], UN DESA, May 16, 2018. Since the construction of railways in Fujian province in the 1950s, Hangzhou has become the focus of rail traffic from the southeastern provinces to Shanghai. According to a Hangzhou Municipal Statistics Bureau report, the city's population has grown rapidly over . Those who did the best on the exams memorized the entire texts of the books! May 16, 2018. Knowledgeable, enthusiastic, and attentive your personal local guides will The best of the best: the portal for top lists & rankings: Strategy and business building for the data-driven economy: Industry-specific and extensively researched technical data (partially from exclusive partnerships). Holidays in China in 2023, A Full List Is Here! A member of the emperor's clan evaded capture, and he became the first emperor of the Southern Song with the imperial name Gaozong. urban agglom., 3,007,000. Accessed March 04, 2023. https://www.statista.com/statistics/466968/china-population-of-hangzhou/, UN DESA. . This article incorporates information from the Ukrainian Wikipedia. Song cities, centers of government and commerce, were among the largest cities of the world. var oTime = new Date(); By the year 1200, Hangzhou was transformed to be the largest metropolis in the world with 1 to 1.2 million people. 10 Foreign Nationalities in China : South Korea, American and Japanese are the 3 top foreign nationalities. It is said that he was so overwhelmed by the beauty of the Xi Hu, or West Lake, that he transcribed, and thus popularized, a famous Chinese saying Shang you tiantang, xia you Suhang. Some peasants became wealthy farmers. over China [10-12]. The Tangut people had a large kingdom called Western Xia (10381227) in the northwest that controlled access to the strategic Gansu land corridor, a huge long valley, that permitted travel and trade on the Silk Road. Subsequently, although no longer a major port, it remained a commercial centre for domestic trade and was opened to foreign trade in 1896. He is known for successful and daring military leadership and as the man who set up the foundations and traditions for the Song Empire to become the greatest on earth in that era. 1621 - Huanduzhai publishing house in business. Their high level of education helped them formulate beneficial trade policies with other countries and introduce revolutionary new weapons such as rockets and mortars that proved effective in warfare. These academies successfully nurtured world-leading scientists and officials who excelled in literature, arts, and sciences. They carried gunpowder bombs that could blow up enemy boats. Copyright HangZhou.com.cn , All Rights Reserved. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Hangzhou, Wade-Giles romanization Hang-chou, conventional Hangchow, city and capital of Zhejiang sheng (province), China. The permanent population of Hangzhou has reached 12.204 million with a birth rate of 7.6, a death rate of 4.7, an urbanization rate of 83.6%, and an average age of 38. List of cities in China by population. Soon it will be possible to see the city of Hangzhou on the map. 3-Day Zhongwei Desert Tour with Winery Experience, 17-DayRelaxing Tour of Both Ancient & Modern Flavor, 15-Day China's Ancient Cities and Celebrated Mountains, 4-Day Shanghai and Its Neighbors Tour by High Speed Train, Loyalty Although it never again reached the peak of importance that it had achieved as capital of the Nan (Southern) Song, Hangzhou remained important. Description of Hangzhou, capital of the southern Song dynasty, circa 1235 C.E. European literacy and culture advanced rapidly. The philosophy and religion differs from common Confucianism in that the scholars and rulers elevated rationalism and focused on the role of the emperors according to the ancient teaching of the Mandate of Heaven. In 1234, the Song army tried to reclaim the cities of Kaifeng and Beijing, but then the Mongols under Kublai Khan attacked them. The population doubled in the 10th and 11th centuries, and science and technology advanced. As this page has over 5,000 words, you may want to click a link here to move to a section that interests you. According to the newly-released Bulletin on Key Population Data of Zhejiang Province (2021), the permanent population of Zhejiang Province has reached 65.40 million by the end of 2021, showing an increase of 720 thousand compared to the end of 2020, which was 64.68 million.

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