No report of Peak expiratory flow rate decreased is found for people with Escherichia urinary tract infection. propagated outbreak see outbreak, propagated. graph a visual display of quantitative data arranged on a system of coordinates. prospective study see study, prospective. transmission (of infection) any mode or mechanism by which an infectious agent is spread to a susceptible host. Most HPV infections don't lead to cancer. It did not take long, however, before the infection leaked out and copies of the worm began spreading all over the Internet, infecting 130,000 computers worldwide. incubation period the time interval from exposure to an infectious agent to the onset of symptoms of an infectious disease. study, experimental a study in which the investigator specifies the type of exposure for each person (clinical trial) or community (community trial) then follows the persons or communities health status to determine the effects of the exposure. range in statistics, the difference between the largest and smallest values in a distribution; in common use, the span of values from smallest to largest. prevalence, period the amount of a particular disease, chronic condition, or type of injury present among a population at any time during a particular period. (pun intended). In epidemiology, force of infection (denoted mortality rate, sex-specific a mortality rate among either males or females. {\displaystyle \lambda } Normally it is less than 10 mm/hr in men and slightly higher in women. ; Quelle note lui donneriez-vous sur 10?. The class intervals of the variable are grouped on a linear scale on the horizontal axis, and the class frequencies are grouped on the vertical axis. heart rate or heart rhythm problems, chest pain or discomfort, pain or tingling in the hands or feet, and fatigue. synonyms. Cookies used to enable you to share pages and content that you find interesting on CDC.gov through third party social networking and other websites. Usually, one variable represents a health outcome, and one represents an exposure or personal characteristic. MRSA infections decreased by 63% (n = 19 before and n = 7 after) in a 19-month period after the intervention. bar chart, grouped a bar chart displaying quantities of two variables, represented by adjoining bars or columns (i.e., a group) of categories of one variable, separated by space between groups. cluster an aggregation of cases of a disease, injury, or other health condition (particularly cancer and birth defects) in a circumscribed area during a particular period without regard to whether the number of cases is more than expected (often the expected number is not known). This is usually measured at a time when the subject is completely at rest and in a fasting state. standard deviation a statistical summary of how dispersed the values of a variable are around its mean, calculated as the square root of the variance. scale, ratio a measurement scale consisting of quantitative categories whose values are intervals with a true zero point (e.g., height in centimeters or duration of illness). The WBC count is measured in a reference range of values by the number of blood cells in a cubic millimeter . endemic the constant presence of an agent or health condition within a given geographic area or population; can also refer to the usual prevalence of an agent or condition. A. active immunity see immunity, active.. active surveillance see surveillance, active.. age-adjusted mortality rate see mortality rate, age-adjusted.. agent a factor (e.g., a microorganism or chemical substance) or form of energy whose presence, excessive presence, or in the case of deficiency diseases, relative absence is essential for the occurrence of a disease or other adverse health outcome. {\displaystyle \beta } infestation taint, transmission contamination infection, transmission infection taint infectivity transmission poisoning transmission exposure transmission taint contagion infection, taint invasion infection Filters dependent variable see variable, dependent. immunity, active resistance developed in response to an antigen (i.e., an infecting agent or vaccine), usually characterized by the presence of antibody produced by the host. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional. For a rate, the denominator is usually the midinterval population. variable, independent an exposure, risk factor, or other characteristic being observed or measured that is hypothesized to influence an event or manifestation (the dependent variable). We were delighted, or at any rate satisfied, with the results. epidemiologic triad the traditional model of infectious disease causation having three components: an external agent, a susceptible host, and an environment that brings the host and agent together so that disease occurs. phylogenetic tree a branching chart that indicates the evolutionary lineage or genetic relatedness of organisms. A nonspecific laboratory test used as a marker of inflammation. We offer immediate delivery on all orders placed before 3pm. 'Hiemal,' 'brumation,' & other rare wintry words. rated the film PG13; rated the bonds at junk level. chartjunk unnecessary or confusing visual elements in charts, illustrations, or graphs. Accessed 4 Mar. pathogenicity the ability of an agent to cause disease after infection, measured as the proportion of persons infected by an agent who then experience clinical disease. prevalence rates. Outbreak A sudden increase of a specific illness in a small area. source (of infection) the person, animal, object, or substance from which an infectious agent is transmitted to a host. individual data values or observations from each record (also called raw data). The infection rate in reactivated disease is approximately 15%-20%. hyperendemic the constant presence at high incidence and prevalence of an agent or health condition within a given geographic area or population. The line graph shows there were 37,800 new HIV infections in 2015, 37,900 in 2016, 36,700 in 2017, 36,200 in 2018, and 34,800 in 2019. rate of prevalence. cohort, birth a group of persons born during a particular period or year. Subscribe to America's largest dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced searchad free! According to Word Health Organization (WHO) data, infant mortality caused by Succedaneum Caput infection decreased by 0.05% from 4 million infants who died at 30 days (advanced neonatal). What is the rate of alcoholism in the USA compared to the rest of the world? The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. Used in statistical testing to evaluate the plausibility of the null hypothesis (i.e., whether the observed association or difference plausibly might have occurred by chance). In this case, Prostadine is a natural dietary supplement that uses an advanced prostate complex formula to boost prostate gland health. Sometimes distinguished from an epidemic as more localized, or the term less likely to evoke public panic (see also epidemic). mortality rate, age-adjusted a mortality rate that has been statistically modified to eliminate the effect of different age distributions among different populations. inflection, injection, infectious, infect. Search infection rate and thousands of other words in English definition and synonym dictionary from Reverso. Cookies used to make website functionality more relevant to you. P value the probability of observing an association between two variables or a difference between two or more groups as large or larger than that observed, if the null hypothesis were true. x-axis the horizontal axis of a rectangular graph, usually displaying the independent variable (e.g., time). postneonatal mortality rate see mortality rate, postneonatal. The rate at which hair grows can be agonisingly slow. 10 other terms for infection rates- words and phrases with similar meaning. Comment le classeriez-vous sur une chelle de un 10? Each cause of death is expressed as a percentage of all deaths, and the sum of the proportionate mortality for all causes must equal 100%. record in a line listing, each row is a record or observation. A small short-term loan, with very high interest rates, that the borrower promises to repay on or near the next payday. line graph, semilogarithmic-scale a graph that displays patterns or trends by plotting the frequency (e.g., number, proportion, or rate) of a characteristic or event during some variable, usually time. epidemiology the study of the distribution and determinants of health conditions or events among populations and the application of that study to control health problems. portal of entry a pathway into the host that gives an agent access to tissue that will allow it to multiply or act. Links to your sources would be appreciated. mortality rate a measure of the frequency of occurrence of death among a defined population during a specified time interval. This type of graph is useful for identifying medians and quartiles and other percentiles. vector a living intermediary that carries an agent from a reservoir to a susceptible host (see also transmission, biologic and transmission, mechanical) (e.g., mosquitoes, fleas, or ticks). table, two-by-two a two-variable table with cross-tabulated data, in which each variable has only two categories. transmission, airborne transfer of an agent suspended in the air, considered a type of indirect transmission. Hospital-acquired infections, also known as healthcare-associated infections (HAI), are nosocomially acquired infections that are typically not present or might be incubating at the time of admission. mean, geometric the mean, or average, of a set of data measured on a logarithmic scale. Standard error is computed as the standard deviation of the variable divided by the square root of the sample size. Epitomizing this problem is the Staphylococcus . epidemiology, applied the application or practice of epidemiology to control and prevent health problems. analytic epidemiology see epidemiology, analytic. people that rate special treatment; an idea that rates attention. Q. where would i find list of all the "clean" cities and the rates of air pollution ? case definition a set of uniformly applied criteria for determining whether a person should be identified as having a particular disease, injury, or other health condition. Rate: An expression of the relative frequency with which an event occurs among a defined population per unit of time, calculated as the number of new cases or deaths during a specified period divided by either person-time or the average (midinterval) population. host a person or other living organism that is susceptible to or harbors an infectious agent under natural conditions. Pandemic When a new disease spreads to many countries around the world. ) is the rate at which susceptible individuals acquire an infectious disease. person-time the amount of time each participant in a cohort study is observed and disease-free, often summed to provide the denominator for a person-time rate. table shell a table that is completely drawn and labeled but contains no data. The percentage of individuals afflicted with an illness who die as a result of it. He says that he isn't sure whether we'll be allowed to finish, but at that rate we might as well not start. The rate at which electromagnetic energy is absorbed by a kilogram of tissue, usually expressed as the heat absorbed by the tissue, or as the power absorbed per unit of mass. While in Indonesia the infant mortality rate due to infection of Caput succedaneum in 2013 amounted to 11% from 35 per 1000 live births. EMAILS SHOW THE MEATPACKING INDUSTRY DRAFTED AN EXECUTIVE ORDER TO KEEP PLANTS OPEN, TRAINED IMMUNITY OFFERS HOPE IN FIGHT AGAINST CORONAVIRUS, WEARING A MASK COULD PROTECT YOU FROM COVID-19 IN MORE WAYS THAN YOU THINK, EUROPE OVERTAKES U.S. AS COVID-19 HOTSPOT AS INFECTIONS SURGE, TIMES OF STRIFE CAN LEAD TO MEDICAL INNOVATIONWHEN GOVERNMENTS ARE WILLING, THE UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIAS COVID SURGE CONTINUES, WITH 1,400 CASES REPORTED THIS WEEK. rates of prevalence. excess risk risk difference, calculated as the risk among the exposed group minus the risk among the unexposed group. population pyramid a graphical display of the age-sex distribution of a population, constructed with a horizontal histogram of the age distribution of males pointing to the left, and the corresponding horizontal histogram of age distribution of females pointing to the right. incidence rate a measure of the frequency with which new cases of illness, injury, or other health condition occur, expressed explicitly per a time frame. surveillance, passive public health surveillance in which data are sent to the health agency without prompting. the condition of suffering an infection. clinical criteria the medical features (e.g., symptoms, medical examination findings, and laboratory results) that are used in a case definition. discrete variable (or data) see variable (or data), discrete. relative risk a general term for measures of association calculated from the data in a two-by-two table, including risk ratio, rate ratio, and odds ratio (see also risk ratio). The speed of administration of a solution in mL/hr. surveillance, active public health surveillance in which the health agency solicits reports. Our aims were to increase (1) pneumococcal conjugate vaccine . contingency table a two-variable table of cross-tabulated data. confidence interval a range of values for a measure (e.g., rate or odds ratio) constructed so that the range has a specified probability (often, but not necessarily, 95%) of including the true value of the measure. A safe and effective vaccine that offers 98% to 100% protection against hepatitis B is available. The goal of this study was to assess the feasibility of implementing a nurse-driven pneumococcal vaccination protocol based on the 2012 Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) guidelines within an academic rheumatology clinic. Q. I was wondering the rate at which alcohol induces brain damage. variable, continuous a variable that has the potential for having an infinite number of values along a continuum (e.g., height and weight). Which area in the Western Hemisphere has the highest HIV, The coauthors of the report published in Health Affairs found that hepatitis C, (20) This trial found no significant difference in, In a nationwide Canadian study, (1) researchers aimed to determine repeat HCV, Objective: The objective of this study was to determine if a disposable draping system is superior to reusable draping material in prevention of ICEDIs and hence lowering of the, Consider using non-sterile gloves during minor skin excisions (even those that require sutures) because the, In understanding the transmission dynamics in area-specific malaria epidemiological studies, the determination of Plasmodium sporozoite, A FREE screening service in Coventry has been rolled out by a sexual health charity to slash the HIV. It's flattering to know other clubs seem to rate me. Quel est le taux pour changer des en ? vital statistics systematically tabulated data about recorded births, marriages, divorces, and deaths. The rate of occurrence of new cases of a disease. . https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/infection+rate. ( ( , , . incidence rates. efficiency the ability of an intervention or program to produce the intended or expected results with a minimum expenditure of time and resources. person-time rate the incidence rate calculated as the number of new cases among a population divided by the cumulative person-time of that population, usually expressed as the number of events per persons per unit of time. Data as of December 2022 and NOTE: dose response & no vaxxKeep in mind that wherever there has been elevated COVID vaccine rates, there are elevated excess infections and I want to change some dollars into francs what is the rate of exchange? 4. determinant any factor that brings about change in a health condition or in other defined characteristics (see also cause and risk factor). Statistical significance is based on an estimate of the probability of the observed or a greater degree of association between independent and dependent variables occurring under the null hypothesis (see also P value). Prostadine can help you maintain a healthy prostate as you age. phrases. prevalence rates. Tea-flavored ice cream doesn't rate highly in my book. efficacy the ability of an intervention or program to produce the intended or expected results under ideal conditions. Cat Infections That Can Spread to Humans Ringworm Salmonella: Typhoid Kitty? In epidemiology, particularly for an outbreak investigation, a case definition specifies clinical criteria and details of time, place, and person. In this study, we used a spherically symmetric compartmental ODE model to track the HIV viral dynamics in the LN and predict the contribution of ongoing replication within the LN to the whole-body proviral pool in an ARV-suppressed . trial, clinical an experimental study that uses data from individual persons. Found 2 synonyms 1. infection rate 2. risk factor an aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, an environmental exposure, or a hereditary characteristic that is associated with an increase in the occurrence of a particular disease, injury, or other health condition. Manages autoclave and cleaning instruments for Dermatology. To save this word, you'll need to log in. Determine mathematic problems. Synonyms disorder, problem, trouble, disease, upset, illness, sickness, ailment, affliction, malady, indisposition in the sense of contagion Definition a corrupting influence that tends to spread They have been reluctant to admit patients with the disease because of fears of contagion. normal distribution a distribution represented as a bell shape, symmetrical on both sides of the peak, which is simultaneously the mean, median, and mode, and with both tails extending to infinity. exposure having come into contact with a cause of, or possessing a characteristic that is a determinant of, a particular health problem. proportionate mortality the proportion of deaths among a population attributable to a particular cause during a selected period. study, analytic a study, usually observational, in which groups are compared to identify and quantify associations, test hypotheses, and identify causes. direct transmission see transmission, direct. prevalence rate the proportion of a population that has a particular disease, injury, other health condition, or attribute at a specified point in time (point prevalence) or during a specified period (period prevalence). proportion a ratio in which the numerator is included in the denominator; the ratio of a part to the whole, expressed as a decimal fraction (e.g., 0 2), a fraction (1/5), or a percentage (20%). sentences. For COVID-19, symptoms appear 2-14 days after infection. Roget's 21st Century Thesaurus, Third Edition Copyright 2013 by the Philip Lief Group. vehicle an inanimate object that can carry an agent from a reservoir to a susceptible host (e.g., food, water, blood products, and bedding) (see also transmission, indirect). The rate of utilization of energy. ) is therefore attributable proportion see proportion, attributable. You want to reject this entry: please give us your comments (bad translation/definition, duplicate entries), English Portuguese translation in context, Free: Learn English, French and other languages, Reverso Documents: translate your documents online, Learn English watching your favourite videos. antibody any of a variety of proteins in the blood that are produced in response to an antigen as an immune response. ; the effective transmission rate. Similarly, a person who does not have the disease but who nonetheless fits the case definition, or a patient or outbreak erroneously identified by a surveillance system. In this test the speed at which erythrocytes settle out of unclotted blood is measured. The average age of someone with a breakthrough infection was 42, and it's notable that only one person was known to have a weakened immune system. The literature provides no clear guidance on how best to prevent pin-site infection following orthopaedic surgery, Relationship between hydrocephalus etiology and ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection in children and review of literature, Prevalence of Linguatula Serrata Infection in Domestic Ruminants in West Part of Iran: Risk Factors and Public Health Implications, Surgical site infections: incidence, bacteriological profiles and risk factors in a tertiary care teaching hospital, western India, THE EFFECT OF REUSABLE VERSUS DISPOSABLE SURGICAL DRAPES ON IMPLANTABLE CARDIAC ELECTRONIC DEVICE INFECTIONS, Sterile or non-sterile gloves for minor skin excisions? rate ratio a measure of association that quantifies the relation between an exposure and a health outcome from an epidemiologic study, calculated as the ratio of incidence rates or mortality rates of two groups. Data points are plotted at the midpoints of the intervals and are connected with straight lines. A white blood cell (WBC) count measures the number of white blood cells in a sample of blood. is the average age of infection. Mesoendemic An endemic disease with a moderate rate of infection. Herd immunity is based on having a substantial number of immune persons, thereby reducing the likelihood that an infected person will come in contact with a susceptible one among human populations, also called community immunity. Passing Rate. the speed or frequency with which an event or circumstance occurs per unit of time, population, or other standard of comparison. years of potential life lost (YPLL) a measure of the impact of premature death on a population, calculated as the sum of the differences between a predetermined minimally acceptable age (e.g., 65 years or current life expectancy) and the age at death for everyone who died earlier than that age. the most highly rated player in English football, in those crowded streets he wouldn't rate a second glance, it must rate as one of the most boring films around. A 2003 analysis in the Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes calculated that more than $18 billion in medical costs could have been saved by the year 2010 had the CDC invested just $383 million more in prevention programming per year from 2000 to 2005, an amount that theoretically could have cut the annual HIV, About 70 percent of the country's people are Catholic; Burundi has an HIV, Each of the 1,000 simulations at the given, Adult HIV prevalence in Swaziland is above 40 percent, and Malawi is struggling with a 14 percent, At almost 39 percent, Swaziland's adult HIV, The project was established in 2001 in response to the growing HIV, We will continue to look for ways to lower the, In an article published in the February 2003 issue of Conservation Biology, he and his team found that important Northeastern tick host species such as white-footed mice fared better when forest tracts were smaller than five acres, and that the, Using a quasi-experimental difference-in-differences approach, they examined whether states with higher exposure to the reformulated OxyContin had faster growth of HCV, Similarly, a recent comparative study suggested that chlorhexidine appeared superior to povidone-iodine, as the latter tripled the.

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