It is a selective antagonist for the group II metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR 2/3), and has been useful in the study of this receptor subfamily.

Apica integrates with AppDynamics, New Relic, Dynatrace, Splunk, Grafana, ServiceNow and more. It was one of the first compounds found that acts as a selective antagonist for the group II metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR2/3), and so has been useful in the characterization and study of this receptor subfamily.

LY-344,545 is a research drug developed by the pharmaceutical company Eli Lilly, which acts as an antagonist for the metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype mGluR5. While it is some five times less potent than LY-341,495 at mGluR3, it has 38x higher affinity for mGluR3 over mGluR2, making it one of the few ligands available that is able to distinguish between these two closely related receptor subtypes. This article is about the metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist. Metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GRM3 gene. WikiMili APICA … Ma D, Tian H, Sun H, Kozikowski AP, Pshenichkin S, Wroblewski JT. Like all glutamate receptors, mGluRs bind with glutamate, an amino acid that functions as an excitatory neurotransmitter. This results in users having to administer increasingly large doses to achieve the same effects. APICA acts as a full agonist of the cannabinoid receptors, with similar potency at both CB1 and CB2. Nahoko Uchiyama, Maiko Kawamura, Ruri Kikura-Hanajiri, Yukihiro Goda. Ma D, Tian H, Zou G. Asymmetric Strecker-Type Reaction of alpha-Aryl Ketones. When addiction has developed, cravings and withdrawal effects may occur if a person suddenly stops their usage. (PMC/NCBI) |, Tim Sobolevsky, Ilya Prasolov and Grigory Rodchenkov. Therefore, it is strongly discouraged to take this substance for extended periods of time or in excessive doses.

The primary purposes of basic research are documentation, discovery, interpretation, or the research and development (R&D) of methods and systems for the advancement of human knowledge. LY-307,452 is a drug used in neuroscience research, which was among the first compounds found that acts as a selective antagonist for the group II metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR2/3), and was useful in early studies of this receptor family, although it has largely been replaced by newer drugs such as LY-341,495.

It is worth noting that these effects will not necessarily occur in a consistent or reliable manner, although higher doses (common+) are more likely to induce the full spectrum of reported effects.

For the cannabinoid drug, see, InChI=1S/C10H12NO5P/c11-10(9(12)13)4-3-6-5-7(17(14,15)16)1-2-8(6)10/h1-2,5H,3-4,11H2,(H,12,13)(H2,14,15,16), 1-Amino-5-phosphonoindan-1-carboxylic acid. 2013;4(7):1081-1092. doi:10.1021/cn400035r.

DISCLAIMER: PW's dosage information is gathered from users and resources for educational purposes only. In vivo experiments measuring the response of rats to APICA and similar drugs found that APICA had a similar potency to Δ9-THC and around a third the potency of JWH-018.

Unlike cannabis, the chronic abuse of synthetic cannabinoids has been associated with multiple deaths and more dangerous side effects and toxicity in general.

However, the role of these interactions and how they result in the cannabinoid high has yet to be scientifically validated. References CPCCOEt is a drug used in scientific research, which acts as a non-competitive antagonist at the metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype mGluR1, with high selectivity although only moderate binding affinity. Baker DA, Xi ZX, Shen H, Swanson CJ, Kalivas PW. Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GRM4 gene. Caution should be exercised in interpreting studies using animals, however, as effects may differ significantly in humans.[5]. This is because APICA has very little history of human usage. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. It serves as the precursor for the synthesis of the inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in GABA-ergic neurons.

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