Simultaneously, it makes a single tail stroke and produces a high-frequency (230–430 Hz, increasing with temperature) burst of electricity. The newborn ray is immediately capable of using electricity to hunt.

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The means of nourishment varies considerably among elasmobranchs. Predators such as sharks and other large carnivorous fishes seldom confront electric rays. The IUCN is a global union of states, governmental agencies, and non-governmental organizations in a partnership that assesses the conservation status of species. There is a single record of an individual that had swallowed a penaeid prawn, Penaeus kerathurus,[26] and a study of captive rays found that they reject live Macropodia crabs.

As the ray glides forward, the motion of the jump sweeps the now-paralyzed prey beneath it, whereupon it is enveloped by the disc and maneuvered to the mouth.

Short electric bursts are produced as necessary, depending on the movement of the prey, and continue through ingestion. [1], The shock delivered by the marbled electric ray can be painful but is seldom life-threatening, although there is a danger of a shocked diver becoming disoriented underwater. This ray can distend its jaws allowing it to swallow fishes larger than thought possible based on the width of the mouth when it is closed.

The teeth are small with a single pointed cusp, and are arranged with a quincunx pattern into a pavement-like band in either jaw.
The small mouth contains small, single-cusped teeth arranged in pavement-like bands in both jaws. The marbled electric ray was originally described as Torpedo marmorata by Risso in 1810. The inter-birth interval is at least 2 years and has been reported as long as 3 years. Coloration Full text views reflects the number of PDF downloads, PDFs sent to Google Drive, Dropbox and Kindle and HTML full text views. It can distend its jaws allowing it to catch & consume all sizes of prey including gobies, mullet, mackerel, bogue, pandora, damsel fish and crustaceans. The ventral surface is creamy white in color. A species similar in appearance to the marbled electric ray is the Atlantic torpedo (T. nobiliana), however the two species are easy to distinguish from each other by their coloration.

It feeds by catching bottom-living fish and stunning or killing them with an electric shock before eating them. Torpedo trepidans Valenciennes, 1843 Males reach maturity at approximately 10 inches (25.1 cm) total length and females at 12 inches (31.2 cm) total length, corresponding to approximately 5 years of age.

Prey items of the marbled electric ray include small fishes such as gobies, mullet, mackerel, bogue, pandora, and damselfish among many others.

[4] Other common names for this species include common crampfish, marbled torpedo, numbfish, and spotted torpedo.

[13][29], The marbled electric ray is caught incidentally in bottom trawls, trammel nets, and bottom longlines; it has little economic value and is mostly discarded at sea when captured.

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The strength of the electric shock declines progressively as the ray becomes fatigued. > Check the status of the marbled electric ray at the IUCN website.

The eggs are encased in a thin membrane which is retained in the uterus. Synonyms referring to this species in past scientific literature include Torpedo immaculata Rafinesque 1810, Torpedo punctata Rafinesque 1810, Torpedo galvani Risso 1810, Torpedo vulgaris Fleming 1828, Torpedo diversicolor Davy 1834,Torpedo picta Lowe 1843, and Torpedo trepidans Valenciennes 1843. Each electric organ consists of 400–600 vertical columns, with each column composed of a stack of roughly 400 jelly-filled "electroplates" that essentially act like a battery.

The gestation period is between 9 and 10 months.

Families warned to stay out of popular rural lake ... Carp Fishing Old Oaks Fisheries France 2011. It can survive in environments with very little dissolved oxygen, such as tidal pools. The marbled electric ray is generally much smaller than the electric ray (Torpedo nobiliana) reaching a maximum length of 60cm. Its paired electric organs are capable of producing 70–80 volts of electricity. It is also known to feed on benthic invertebrates.
[5] The marbled electric ray tends to be found deeper than the common torpedo (T. torpedo), which shares the southern portion of its range. [9] It is more active at night and spends much of the day buried in sediment with only the eyes and spiracles showing.

This solitary coastal ray has electric organs on its pectoral disc that can stun a human or kill a fish.

It is encountered in a variety of habitats such as sand & mud bottoms, rocky reefs and sea grass beds. Instead, it likely relies on the mechanoreceptors of its lateral line, as it only attacks moving prey. Predators English language common names include marbled electric ray, common crampfish, marbled torpedo, and spotted torpedo. [14][15] The litter size ranges from 3 to 32, increasing with the size of the female. The name comes from the Latin torpere, to When the embryo is 3.5–5.5 cm (1.4–2.2 in) long, the external gills are resorbed and pigmentation develops.

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