From Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core, For other treaties also known as a "Treaty of Paris", see, Police and Judicial Co-operation in Criminal Matters, The Treaty establishing the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), Treaty establishing the European Coal and Steel Community (Paris, 18 April 1951), The history of the European Union 1945-1957, Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, Netherlands Antilles Association Convention, Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe, Treaty Establishing the European Stability Mechanism, https://infogalactic.com/w/index.php?title=Treaty_of_Paris_(1951)&oldid=136406, Treaties and declarations of the European Union, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, About Infogalactic: the planetary knowledge core. No country required ratification by referendum, and no government chose to hold an advisory referendum on ratification. The intro to the Treaty of Paris establishes who's talking (the King of England and this newfangled United States thing that'll never catch on) and their sincere desire to be at peace. Ministers in the Council could cast one voter per Member State in cases where decision-making allowed for majority voting. Sensing the danger, Monnet used his extensive network of American contacts—in Washington, at the U.S. Embassy in Paris, and at the U.S. High Commission in Bonn—to rescue the Paris negotiations. The High Authority, at the heart of the Schuman Plan, became the Community’s most distinctive institution. He used those contacts in Bonn and Washington, in the run-up to Schuman’s speech, to assure support for it. Following the outbreak of the Korean War, Western leaders feared that hostilities with the Soviet Union were imminent. German coal and steel bosses would have been happy to revert to similar arrangements after the war. The treaty came into force on 23 July 1952 and expired on 23 July 2002, exactly fifty years after it came into effect. freed from all customs duty.” Beyond that, the treaty would cover “the essential principles and undertakings” of the new organization, notably the means by which the High Authority “(could secure) in the shortest possible time the modernization of production and the improvement of its quality; the supply of coal and steel on identical terms to the French and German markets, as well as to the markets of other member countries; the development in common of exports to other countries; the equalization and improvement of the living conditions of workers in these industries.”, The treaty would also include “certain transitional measures . French industry groups disliked the Treaty for the same reasons as their German counterparts. In some cases, the Council would have to approve decisions taken by the High Authority, either unanimously or by majority vote.

Since the end of World War II, sovereign European countries have entered into treaties and thereby co-operated and harmonised policies (or pooled sovereignty) in an increasing number of areas, in the so-called European integration project or the construction of Europe (French: la construction européenne). Although the Dutch expressed reservations about ceding too much national sovereignty to the proposed High Authority and would try during the negotiations to limit its power, they nonetheless accepted the principle of supranationality. Article 77 stated that “The seat of the institutions of the Community shall be fixed by common agreement of the governments of the member States.” Reaching such an agreement proved unexpectedly difficult. . In general, they tended to support the governing, business-friendly Christian Democratic Party (CDU), but the CDU, under Adenauer’s leadership, supported the Treaty. Some of the main enemies during the war were now sharing production of coal and steel, the key-resources which previously had been central to the war effort. It will be built through concrete achievements which first create a de facto solidarity.”, Centrality of France and Germany: “The coming together of the nations of Europe requires the elimination of the age-old opposition of France and Germany.

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