The remoteness of the region was eased by the arrival of railroads in 1880. [97] In 1968, the Central Arizona Project was approved by President Lyndon B. Johnson, assuring future water supplies for Phoenix, Tucson, and the agricultural corridor in between. 1964 - Barry M. Goldwater, Senator from Arizona, runs for president....but loses. By October 1873, a small school was completed on Center Street (now Central Avenue). [58], In 1902, President Theodore Roosevelt signed the National Reclamation Act, allowing for dams to be built on western streams for reclamation purposes. It is a concrete arch-gravity dam in the Black Canyon of the Colorado River, on the border with Nevada. [26], The Tohono O'odham lived in the region as well, but their main concentration was further to south of the Pima, and stretched all the way to the Mexican border. and forty-niners en route to California.[2]. The history of Phoenix, Arizona, goes back millennia, beginning with nomadic paleo-Indians who existed in the Americas in general, and the Salt River Valley in particular, about 7,000 BC until about 6,000 BC. ", This page was last edited on 15 June 2020, at 22:57. An underlying goal of the Spanish-American Mothers and Wives Association was the reinforcement of the woman's role in Spanish-Mexican culture. The first was Fort Defiance. 1886 - The great Apache Chief Geronimo surrenders to soldiers on September 4.

At first local, state and private relief efforts focused on charity, especially by the Community Chest and Organized Charities programs. "A Spirit of Mercy: The Sisters of Mercy and the Founding of St. Joseph's Hospital in Phoenix, 1892-1912,", Melcher, Mary. 1930 - The planet Pluto is discovered by Clyde Tombaugh at Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff. Janet Napolitano stirs controversy while pushing for Phoenix's Squaw Peak to be renamed Piewstewa Peak, but the change is made. line, between central Phoenix and the southeast suburbs. On October 20, 1870, the residents held a meeting to decide where to locate it. About 80% of the state's cotton is exported to textile factories in China and (since the passage of NAFTA) to Mexico.[46]. In 1850, Arizona and New Mexico formed the New Mexico Territory. Two Republican Senators were presidential nominees: Barry Goldwater in 1964 and John McCain in 2008; both carried Arizona but lost the national election.

[10] The term "paleo", is derived from the Greek word “palaios,” meaning ancient. [24] The two O'odham peoples were split between the Akimel (river people) and Tohono (desert people). [77][78] He was born in Phoenix before Arizona became a state, the son of Baron M. Goldwater and his wife, Hattie Josephine ("JoJo") Williams. Progressives in Arizona favored inclusion in the state constitution of the initiative, referendum, recall, direct election of senators, woman suffrage, and other reforms. The history of Arizona as recorded by Europeans began in 1539 with the first documented exploration of the area by Marcos de Niza, early work expanded the following year when Francisco Vásquez de Coronado entered the area as well. [115], In June 2017, a heat wave grounded more than 40 airline flights of small aircraft, with American Airlines reducing sales on certain flights to prevent the vehicles from being over the maximum weight permitted for safe takeoff. Mammoths were the primary prey of hunters. [10] Inhabiting the southwestern United States and northern Mexico for tens of thousands of years, when the prey they depended on left the area, they followed in approximately 9,000 BC. Arizona was part of the state of Sonora, Mexico from 1822, but the settled population was small. In 1935 the city of Phoenix purchased the single runway airport, nicknamed "The Farm" due to its isolation, and it has been owned and operated by the city to this day. Several lots of land were sold in 1870 at an average price of $48. The town was named after the family which had invested a large amount of capitol. [49], The Board of Supervisors in Yavapai County, which at the time encompassed Phoenix, officially recognized the new town on May 4, 1868, and formed an election precinct. The history of Arizona encompasses Spanish, Mexican, and American periods.

Heavy government spending during World War II revitalized the Arizona economy, which was still based on copper mining, citrus and cotton crops and cattle ranching, with a growing tourist business.

The postwar G.I. ", Larson, Kelli L., et al.

[55] On March 12, 1895, the Santa Fe, Prescott and Phoenix Railroad ran its first train to Phoenix, connecting it to the northern part of Arizona. [106] Conceived in 1980, the Arizona Science Center, located in Heritage and Science Park, opened in 1984.

Let us count the ways", History of Phoenix, Arizona § Bibliography, The Arizona State Archives has government and private collections relating to Arizona History, A chronology of historical events in Arizona from the state's library, Arizona's Ordinance of Secession, March 16, 1861, Independence of Spanish continental Americas, Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, northernmost France, Law of coartación (which allowed slaves to buy their freedom, and that of others), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_Arizona&oldid=980082544, Articles with dead external links from July 2018, Articles with permanently dead external links, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Haskett, Bert.

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