[392] For instance, the historian Ronald Syme asserted that she was of little importance to Caesar and that the propaganda of Octavian magnified her importance to an excessive degree. Ela viajou para Roma como rainha cliente em 46 e 44 a.C., ficando numa vila local. [188][189][190] No entanto, o testamento de César nomeou seu sobrinho-neto Otaviano como o principal herdeiro, e este chegou à Itália na mesma época em que a rainha decidiu voltar ao Egito. [56], The Portland Vase, a Roman cameo glass vase dated to the Augustan period and now in the British Museum, includes a possible depiction of Cleopatra with Antony. Con esas armas sedujo a Julio César, que a su llegada a Egipto la repuso en el trono. Se cree que hizo esto en un gesto de muestra de poder, al mismo tiempo que acercaría posturas con el romano.

[188][189][191] Alguns meses depois, Cleópatra mandou matar Ptolemeu XIV por envenenamento, elevando seu filho Cesarião como seu co-regente.
[398][404][405] Críticos desta teoria argumentam que a face desta estátua é mais magra do que a face no busto de Berlim e afirmam que é improvável que ela fosse retratada como a deusa nua Vênus (ou a grega Afrodite). In the visual arts, her ancient depictions include Roman busts, paintings, and sculptures, cameo carvings and glass, Ptolemaic and Roman coinage, and reliefs.

[211] Seu rival Herodes estava ocupado com a guerra civil na Judeia, que exigia assistência militar romana pesada, mas não recebeu nenhuma de Cleópatra.

[257][217] Octavian's confidence grew as he eliminated his rivals in the west, including Sextus Pompeius and even Lepidus, the third member of the triumvirate, who was placed under house arrest after revolting against Octavian in Sicily. Asistido por su esposa durante la campaña, Marco Antonio cedió públicamente las nuevas conquistas a sus hijos –mientras estuvo en el frente nació el tercer hijo de la pareja, Ptolomeo Filadelfo– a los que dió los títulos de reyes. Murió sobre el año 30 a.C., en la misma ciudad egipcia. Los faraones ptolemaicos eran coronados por el sumo sacerdote de Ptah en Menfis, Egipto, pero residían en la ciudad multicultural y en gran parte griega de Alejandría, establecida por Alejandro Magno de Macedonia. Sin embargo, el romano acabó con los aliados del egipcio y apaciguó a los alejandrinos. [428], Cleopatra, mid-1st century BC, with a "melon" hairstyle and Hellenistic royal diadem worn over her head, now in the Vatican Museums[1][3][420], Cleopatra, mid-1st century BC, showing Cleopatra with a "melon" hairstyle and Hellenistic royal diadem worn over the head, now in the Altes Museum[1][3][420], In the House of Marcus Fabius Rufus at Pompeii, Italy, a mid-1st century BC Second Style wall painting of the goddess Venus holding a cupid near massive temple doors is most likely a depiction of Cleopatra as Venus Genetrix with her son Caesarion. [284][280][269] In a show of loyalty to Rome, Octavian decided to begin construction of his own mausoleum at the Campus Martius. [99][100][101] A long-held royal Egyptian practice, it was loathed by contemporary Greeks. [361][362] Cleopatra Selene II and Alexander Helios were present in the Roman triumph of Octavian in 29 BC. [78][79][80] Ele permitiu que a guarnição romana em grande parte germânica e gaulesa de Gabínio, os gabinianos, assediassem as pessoas nas ruas de Alexandria e instalasse seu financista romano de longa data, Rabírio, como seu diretor financeiro.

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