Smart analyzers like the Saleae USB Logic Analyzer can even decode the data bytes for a display or logging. Here we come to where I²C is truly elegant.

SPI is a single-master communication protocol. An I²C slave is allowed to hold down the clock if it needs to reduce the bus speed. SWIFT/BIC : BBRUBEBB, Exostiv Labs sprl, Peripheral devices in embedded systems are often connected to the microcontroller as memory-mapped I/O devices. Actually, there are other reserved address codes for specific types of accesses (refer to table 1). There are two ways of connecting multiple slaves to an SPI bus: Note that, for this layout, data overflows from one slave to the next, so to send data to any one slave, you'll need to transmit enough data to reach all of them.

(A good example is on the Wikipedia SPI page.). Four communication modes are available (MODE 0, 1, 2, 3) – that basically define the SCLK edge on which the MOSI line toggles, the SCLK edge on which the master samples the MISO line and the SCLK signal steady level (that is the clock level, high or low, when the clock is not active). Avenue des anciens combattants 17, 1140 Evere, Belgium Just getting started with Microchip-need advice, Flying with SoftWare Favorites Gallery List. SPI works in a slightly different manner. To overcome this limitation, devices often have multiple built-in addresses that the engineer can chose by though external configuration pins on the device. SPI is full-duplex; I²C is not.

Slight differences in the transmission rate aren't a problem because the receiver re-syncs at the start of each byte. B-1300 Wavre – BELGIUM
Ultimately, if anything else goes wrong, this would mean that the device ‘talking on the bus’ (master or slave) would know it by simply comparing what it sends with what is seen on the bus. Notice we said "prearranged" in the above description.

At electrical level, there is actually no conflict at all if multiple devices try to put any logic level on the I²C bus lines simultaneously.


So, according to the engineer’s need, using SPI may need more work but offers increased data transfer performance and almost total freedom.

Stuff that would be helpful to know before reading this tutorial: A common serial port, the kind with TX and RX lines, is called "asynchronous" (not synchronous) because there is no control over when data is sent or any guarantee that both sides are running at precisely the same rate. Today, at the low end of the communication protocols, we find I²C (for ‘Inter-Integrated Circuit’, protocol) and SPI (for ‘Serial Peripheral Interface’).

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