sponge meaning in biology
The goodness of all delicate cake, but specially of sponge, depends very much upon its being made with fresh eggs. Absentee Ballot vs. Mail-In Ballot: Is There A Difference? a disposable piece of polyurethane foam permeated with a spermicide for insertion into the vagina as a contraceptive.
The "immune" system can stay in this activated state for up to three weeks. Bacteria-sized particles, below 0.5 micrometers, pass through the ostia and are caught and consumed by choanocytes. If the intrusion persists, the grey cells concentrate in the area and release toxins that kill all cells in the area. The elastic fibrous skeleton of many species of horny spongiae , used for many purposes, especially the varieties of the genus spongia. [31] Sponges have no nervous systems, their middle jelly-like layers have large and varied populations of cells, and some types of cells in their outer layers may move into the middle layer and change their functions. [28], Although the layers of pinacocytes and choanocytes resemble the epithelia of more complex animals, they are not bound tightly by cell-to-cell connections or a basal lamina (thin fibrous sheet underneath). More commonly, the mesohyl is stiffened by mineral spicules, by spongin fibers, or both. A study in 2005 concluded that mothers teach the behavior to their daughters, and that all the sponge-users are closely related, suggesting that it is a fairly recent innovation.[24]. The fertilized eggs develop into larvae, which swim off in search of places to settle. Ferrier-Pagès C, Leclercq N, Jaubert J, Pelegri SP (2000) "Enhancement of pico- and nanoplankton growth by coral exudates". [28] However, some types of habitat, vertical rock and cave walls and galleries in rock and coral boulders, have been investigated very little, even in shallow seas. [41] Archaeocytes transport food packaged in vesicles from cells that directly digest food to those that do not.
The larvae hatch and drop into the water where they seek out sponges to feed on. Sponges characteristically have a porous skeleton, usually containing an intricate system of canals, that is composed of fibrous material or siliceous or calcareous spicules. He came back home and sponged off his family for a while. Spicules, which are present in most but not all species,[40] may be made of silica or calcium carbonate, and vary in shape from simple rods to three-dimensional "stars" with up to six rays. In a few marine species, gray cells play the leading role in rejection of foreign material. The larvae of some species cling to the surface of the sponge while others take refuge in the sponge's internal cavities.
A few species reproduce by budding.
[103] Calcium carbonate spicules of calcareous sponges have been found in Early Cambrian rocks from about 530 to 523 million years ago in Australia. 'Family trees' constructed using a combination of all available data – morphological, developmental and molecular – concluded that the sponges are in fact a monophyletic group, and with the cnidarians form the sister group to the bilaterians. Most of the cells transform into archeocytes and then into the types appropriate for their locations in a miniature adult sponge. They filter food particles out of the water flowing through them.
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