Open Technology Institute, New America A cellular network or mobile network is a radio network distributed over land areas called cells, each served by at least one fixed-location transceiver, known as a cell site or base station. Each wireless technology is defined by a standard that describes unique functions at both the Physical and the Data Link layers of the OSI model.

These standards differ in their specified signaling methods, geographic ranges, and frequency usages, among other things. The attachment hardware and the positioning of the antenna and associated closures and cables are required to have adequate strength, robustness, corrosion resistance, and resistance against wind, storms, icing, and other weather conditions. As wireless networking has become commonplace, sophistication increases through configuration of network hardware and software, and greater capacity to send and receive larger amounts of data, faster, is achieved. Now download and print out the worksheets and example solutions, and try out some designs! Are there places or times in a social situation where you are in an Access Point or Client situation? Point-to-point connections can bridge longer distances and join several disconnected networks together. This is discussed in Learn Wireless Basics - so go there for more details on how that works. These routers are defined in Learn Networking Basics, but for the sake of this document the quick definition of a router is a network device that can connect one network to another, determine what traffic can pass between them, and perform other functions on a network, such as assigning IP addresses. Bandwidth allocation becomes complex with multiple participating users. Space is another characteristic of wireless networking. This can cause dead zones where no reception is available. Although originally intended for cell phones, with the development of smartphones, cellular telephone networks routinely carry data in addition to telephone conversations: A global area network (GAN) is a network used for supporting mobile across an arbitrary number of wireless LANs, satellite coverage areas, etc. Requirements for individual components, such as hardware, cables, connectors, and closures, shall take into consideration the structure to which they are attached. When you are accessing a wireless hotspot, or the router in your home or office, your device is the client. [16]. In the activity that follows, you will explore the different ways to build a network by working through scenarios. Keep in mind that these rooftop routers may not provide connections to users on the ground, or in buildings. It is a partner document to Wireless Challenges, and can be done before or after that activity. How the devices are configured depends on the types of connections you want to use between parts of the network. In the diagrams, the way people connect to this network isn’t always shown. Access Points cannot connect to each other wirelessly: Clients cannot connect to each other wirelessly: Clients cannot connect to Ad-Hoc (Mesh) devices wirelessly: Access Points cannot connect to Ad-Hoc (Mesh) devices wirelessly: Treat the three types of roles above - Clients, Access Points, and Ad-Hoc nodes - as the building blocks for large networks. If you are working through the activity on your own, try printing out the worksheets first and draw in a possible solution to each of the scenarios. In the diagram below, we can see an example of a hybrid network. [3], Examples of wireless networks include cell phone networks, wireless local area networks (WLANs), wireless sensor networks, satellite communication networks, and terrestrial microwave networks.[4]. Emergency services such as the police utilize wireless networks to communicate effectively as well. Wireless MAN or the Wireless Metropolitan Area Network. The performance of wireless networks satisfies a variety of applications such as voice and video.

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