Several reviews published earlier provide detailed historical accounts of the evolution of biofuel cells [6–9]. Some older engines, especially Mercedes, are driven experimentally by enthusiasts without any conversion.

ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. Biofuel production: Challenges and opportunities.

McCalmont, J. P., Hastings, A., McNamara, N. P., Richter, G. M., Robson, P., Donnison, I. S. and Clifton‐Brown, J. How Much Water Does It Take to Make Electricity? Vegetable oil can also be used in many older diesel engines that do not use common rail or unit injection electronic diesel injection systems. [128] There has also been substantial research into the technology of using the gut microbiomes of wood-feeding insects for the conversion of lignocellulotic material into biofuel. It is increasing clear that biofuels can be a viable source of renewable energy in contrast to the finite nature, geopolitical instability, and deleterious global effects of fossil fuel energy. Deepayan Debnath, Céline Giner, in Biofuels, Bioenergy and Food Security, 2019, Historically, biofuels price follows the fossil fuel price and feedstocks price. iLUC) creating a carbon debt which could take decades to repay (Fargione et al., 2008). Farmers can produce biogas from manure from their cattle by using anaerobic digesters.[31]. The price of biofuels might impact the demand for gasoline and diesel use as a cross-effect. [25][26] Prof. Rodrigo E. Teixeira from the University of Alabama in Huntsville demonstrated the extraction of biofuels lipids from wet algae using a simple and economical reaction in ionic liquids.[27]. «While the initial premise regarding bioenergy was that carbon recently captured from the atmosphere into plants would deliver an immediate reduction in GHG emission from fossil fuel use, the reality proved less straightforward. This is very important to understand the consequence of any movement in one of the markets compared to the other two markets. For instance, McCalmont et al. Present biofuels use materials that could be used for food production. [53] Avril Group produces under the brand Diester, a fifth of 11 million tons of biodiesel consumed annually by the European Union. The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) follows this naming practice.

As these plants grow they absorb carbon dioxide in a process called photosynthesis.

[88] The International Resource Panel, which provides independent scientific assessments and expert advice on a variety of resource-related themes, assessed the issues relating to biofuel use in its first report Towards sustainable production and use of resources: Assessing Biofuels.

Ethanol has a smaller energy density than that of gasoline; this means it takes more fuel (volume and mass) to produce the same amount of work. [57] It may also be called renewable diesel, hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO fuel)[57] or hydrogen-derived renewable diesel.

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