viscosity of fuel oil
Prior to the IMO's 2020 sulphur cap, shipping industry air pollution caused around 400,000 premature deaths each year, from lung cancer and cardiovascular disease, as well as 14 million childhood asthma cases each year.[4].
The boiling point and carbon chain length of the fuel increases with fuel oil number.
6 oil must, in fact, be stored at around 38 °C (100 °F) heated to 65–120 °C (149–248 °F) before it can be easily pumped, and in cooler temperatures it can congeal into a tarry semisolid. For comparison, BS 2869 Class G heavy fuel oil behaves in similar fashion, requiring storage at 40 °C (104 °F), pumping at around 50 °C (122 °F) and finalising for burning at around 90–120 °C (194–248 °F).
ASTM merged this grade into the number 2 specification, and the term has been rarely used since the mid-20th century.
The market for home heating using fuel oil has decreased due to the widespread penetration of natural gas as well as heat pumps.
As of 2018, some 300 million metric tons of fuel oil is used for ship bunkering. 6: This oil is called residual fuel oil (RFO) or heavy fuel oil (HFO). In the maritime field another type of classification is used for fuel oils: Marine diesel oil contains some heavy fuel oil, unlike regular diesels. In 2011 New York City estimated that the 1% of its buildings that burned fuel oils No. For power plants, the costs of heating the oil, extra pollution control and additional maintenance required after burning it often outweigh the low cost of the fuel. This is further separated in two grades, "naval mazut" being analogous to US grades 4 and 5, and "furnace mazut", a heaviest residual fraction of the crude, almost exactly corresponding to US Number 6 fuel oil and further graded by viscosity and sulfur content. If priced correctly the excess cheap yet dirty fuel would find its way into other markets, including displacing some onshore energy production in nations with low environmental protection .[25]. This use is approximately analogous to using kindling to start a fire. Residual means the material remaining after the more valuable cuts of crude oil have boiled off. Older purifiers work with a fuel having a maximum of 991 kg/m3; with modern purifiers it is also possible to purify oil with a density of 1010 kg/m3. Finally, in the context of the oil industry in Nigeria, bunkering[23] has come to refer to the illegal diversion of crude oil (often subsequently refined in makeshift facilities into lighter transportation fuels) by the unauthorized cutting of holes into transport pipelines, often by very crude and hazardous means and causing spills.
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